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==== George III's accession ==== This arrangement changed during the reign of [[George III of Great Britain|George III]], who hoped to restore his own power by freeing himself from the great Whig magnates. Thus George promoted his old tutor [[John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute|Lord Bute]] to power and broke with the old Whig leadership surrounding the Duke of Newcastle. After a decade of factional chaos, with distinct [[Bedfordite]], [[William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham|Chathamite]], [[Grenvillite]] and [[Rockingham Whigs|Rockinghamite]] factions successively in power and all referring to themselves as "Whigs", a new system emerged with two separate opposition groups. The [[Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham|Rockingham]] Whigs claimed the mantle of Old Whigs as the purported successors of the party of the Pelhams and the great Whig families. With such noted intellectuals as [[Edmund Burke]] behind them, the Rockingham Whigs laid out a philosophy which for the first time extolled the virtues of faction, or at least their faction. The other group were the followers of [[William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham|Lord Chatham]], who as the great political hero of the [[Seven Years' War]] generally took a stance of opposition to party and faction.<ref>{{cite book |first=Warren M. |last=Elofson |title=The Rockingham Connection and the Second Founding of the Whig Party 1768β1773 |year=1996 |publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press |location=Montreal |isbn=0-7735-1388-4 }}</ref> The Whigs were opposed by the government of [[Frederick North, Lord North|Lord North]] which they accused of being a Tory administration. While it largely consisted of individuals previously associated with the Whigs, many old Pelhamites as well as the Bedfordite Whig faction formerly led by the [[John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford|Duke of Bedford]] and elements of that which had been led by [[George Grenville]], it also contained elements of the Kings' Men, the group formerly associated with Lord Bute and which was generally seen as Tory-leaning.<ref>{{cite book |first=Keith |last=Feiling |title=The Second Tory Party, 1714β1832 |year=1938 |publisher=Macmillan |location=London |oclc=932376 }}</ref>
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