Editing War (section)

===On military personnel===
[[Military personnel]] subject to combat in war often suffer mental and physical injuries, including depression, [[posttraumatic stress disorder]], disease, injury, and death.

{{Quote|In every war in which American soldiers have fought in, the chances of becoming a psychiatric casualty – of being debilitated for some period of time as a consequence of the stresses of military life – were greater than the chances of being killed by enemy fire.|''No More Heroes'', Richard Gabriel<ref name="War"/>}}

Swank and Marchand's World War II study found that after sixty days of continuous combat, 98% of all surviving military personnel will become psychiatric casualties. Psychiatric casualties manifest themselves in fatigue cases, confusional states, conversion hysteria, anxiety, obsessional and compulsive states, and character disorders.<ref name="autogenerated1996">{{cite book|last=Lt. Col. Dave Grossman|title=On Killing – The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War & Society|publisher= Little, Brown & Co. |year=1996}}</ref>

{{Quote|One-tenth of mobilised American men were hospitalised for mental disturbances between 1942 and 1945, and after thirty-five days of uninterrupted combat, 98% of them manifested psychiatric disturbances in varying degrees.|''14–18: Understanding the Great War'', Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau, Annette Becker<ref name="War"/>}}

Additionally, it has been estimated anywhere from 18% to 54% of Vietnam war veterans suffered from [[posttraumatic stress disorder]].<ref name="autogenerated1996"/> 

Based on 1860 census figures, 8% of all white American males aged 13 to 43 died in the [[American Civil War]], including about 6% in the North and approximately 18% in the South.<ref>{{cite book|author=Maris Vinovskis|title=Toward a Social History of the American Civil War: Exploratory Essays|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9D4TAwc93VoC|access-date=31 May 2012|date=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-39559-5|archive-date=26 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526101206/http://books.google.com/books?id=9D4TAwc93VoC|url-status=live}}</ref> The war remains the deadliest conflict in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 military personnel. [[United States military casualties of war]] since 1775 have totaled over two million. Of the 60&nbsp;million European military personnel who were mobilized in [[World War I]], 8&nbsp;million were killed, 7&nbsp;million were permanently disabled, and 15&nbsp;million were seriously injured.<ref>Kitchen, Martin (2000), ''[http://www.jimmyatkinson.com/papers/versaillestreaty.html#endnotes The Treaty of Versailles and its Consequences] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512224100/http://www.jimmyatkinson.com/papers/versaillestreaty.html |date=12 May 2008 }}'', New York: Longman</ref>

[[File:DeadCrowIndians1874.jpg|thumb|left|The remains of dead [[Crow Indians]] killed and scalped by Sioux {{Circa|1874}}]]
During [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]]'s retreat from Moscow, more French military personnel died of [[typhus]] than were killed by the Russians.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091106154259/http://entomology.montana.edu/historybug/TYPHUS-Conlon.pdf The Historical Impact of Epidemic Typhus]. Joseph M. Conlon.</ref> Of the 450,000 soldiers who crossed the [[Neman River|Neman]] on 25 June 1812, less than 40,000 returned. More military personnel were killed from 1500 to 1914 by typhus than from military action.<ref name="TIME Magazine 1940">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090921004137/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,794989,00.html War and Pestilence]. ''Time''.</ref> In addition, if it were not for modern medical advances there would be thousands more dead from disease and infection. For instance, during the [[Seven Years' War]], the [[Royal Navy]] reported it conscripted 184,899 sailors, of whom 133,708 (72%) died of disease or were 'missing'.<ref>A. S. Turberville (2006). ''Johnson's England: An Account of the Life & Manners of His Age''. p. 53. {{ISBN|1-4067-2726-1}}</ref> It is estimated that between 1985 and 1994, 378,000 people per year died due to war.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Obermeyer Z, Murray CJ, Gakidou E |title=Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme |journal=BMJ |volume=336 |issue=7659 |pages=1482–86 |date=June 2008 |pmid=18566045 |pmc=2440905 |doi=10.1136/bmj.a137 }}</ref>