Editing Vitamin K (section)

===Treating rodenticide poisoning===
[[Coumarin]] is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a precursor reagent in the synthesis of a number of synthetic anticoagulant pharmaceuticals.<ref name="pubchem19">{{cite web |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/323 |title=Coumarin |date=4 April 2019 |publisher=PubChem, National Library of Medicine, US National Institutes of Health |access-date=13 April 2019}}</ref> One subset, [[4-hydroxycoumarins]], act as [[vitamin K antagonist]]s. They block the regeneration and recycling of vitamin K. Some of the 4-hydroxycoumarin anticoagulant class of chemicals are designed to have high potency and long residence times in the body, and these are used specifically as second generation [[rodenticide]]s ("rat poison"). Death occurs after a period of several days to two weeks, usually from internal hemorrhaging.<ref name=pubchem19/> For humans, and for animals that have consumed either the rodenticide or rats poisoned by the rodenticide, treatment is prolonged administration of large amounts of vitamin K.<ref name=Bateman2016>{{cite journal |vauthors=Bateman DN, Page CB |title=Antidotes to coumarins, isoniazid, methotrexate and thyroxine, toxins that work via metabolic processes |journal=Br J Clin Pharmacol |volume=81 |issue=3 |pages=437–445 |date=March 2016 |pmid=26255881 |pmc=4767197 |doi=10.1111/bcp.12736 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/818130-clinical#showall | title = Rodenticide Toxicity Treatment & Management | vauthors = Lung D | veditors = Tarabar A | work = Medscape | publisher = WebMD | date = Dec 2015 }}</ref> This dosing must sometimes be continued for up to nine months in cases of poisoning by "[[superwarfarin]]" rodenticides such as [[brodifacoum]]. Oral vitamin K<sub>1</sub> is preferred over other vitamin K<sub>1</sub> routes of administration because it has fewer side effects.<ref>{{cite book|title=Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings: 6th Edition|last1=Routt Reigart|first1=J.|last2=Roberts|first2=James|year=2013|url=http://npic.orst.edu/RMPP/rmpp_ch18.pdf|pages=175}}</ref>