Editing Venom (section)

== Venom and humans ==
[[Envenomation]] resulted in 57,000 human deaths in 2013, down from 76,000 deaths in 1990.<ref name=GDB2013>{{cite journal |author=((GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators)) |title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 |journal=Lancet |date=17 December 2014 |pmid=25530442 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2 |pmc=4340604 |volume=385 |issue=9963 |pages=117–171}}</ref> Venoms, found in over 173,000 species, have potential to treat a wide range of diseases, explored in over 5,000 scientific papers.<ref name=Mullin2015>{{cite magazine |last1=Mullin |first1=Emily |title=Animal Venom Database Could Be Boon To Drug Development |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/emilymullin/2015/11/29/animal-venom-database-could-be-boon-to-drug-development/#4fa4e53c7992 |magazine=Forbes |access-date=30 September 2018 |date=29 November 2015}}</ref>

[[Venoms in medicine|In medicine, snake venom]] proteins are used to treat conditions including [[thrombosis]], [[arthritis]], and some [[cancer]]s.<ref name="PalGomesDasguptaGomes2002">{{cite journal |last1=Pal |first1=S. K. |last2=Gomes |first2=A. |last3=Dasgupta |first3=S. C. |last4=Gomes |first4=A. |title=Snake venom as therapeutic agents: from toxin to drug development. |journal=Indian Journal of Experimental Biology |volume=40 |issue=12 |year=2002 |pmid=12974396 |pages=1353–1358}}</ref><ref name="Holland2013">{{cite magazine |last1=Holland |first1=Jennifer S. |title=The Bite That Heals |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2013/02/venom/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525062346/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2013/02/venom/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 May 2018 |magazine=[[National Geographic]] |access-date=30 September 2018 |date=February 2013}}</ref> [[Gila monster]] venom contains [[exenatide]], used to treat [[type 2 diabetes]].<ref name=Mullin2015/> [[Solenopsin]]s extracted from [[fire ant]] venom has demonstrated biomedical applications, ranging from cancer treatment to [[psoriasis]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fox |first1=Eduardo G.P. |last2=Xu |first2=Meng |last3=Wang |first3=Lei |last4=Chen |first4=Li |last5=Lu |first5=Yong-Yue |date=May 2018 |title=Speedy milking of fresh venom from aculeate hymenopterans |journal=Toxicon |volume=146 |pages=120–123 |doi=10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.02.050 |pmid=29510162|bibcode=2018Txcn..146..120F }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Fox |first=Eduardo Gonçalves Paterson |chapter=Venom Toxins of Fire Ants |date=2021 |title=Venom Genomics and Proteomics |pages=149–167 |editor-last=Gopalakrishnakone |editor-first=P. |editor-first2=Juan J. |editor-last2=Calvete |publisher=Springer Netherlands |doi=10.1007/978-94-007-6416-3_38 |isbn=9789400766495 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-94-007-6649-5_38-1}}</ref> A branch of science, [[venomics]], has been established to study the proteins associated with venom and how individual components of venom can be used for pharmaceutical means.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Calvete |first=Juan J. |date=December 2013 |title=Snake venomics: From the inventory of toxins to biology |journal=Toxicon |volume=75 |pages=44–62 |doi=10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.03.020 |pmid=23578513 |bibcode=2013Txcn...75...44C |issn=0041-0101}}</ref>