Editing Valley (section)

==Terms for valleys==
There are many terms used for different sorts of valleys. They include:

* [[Cove (Appalachian Mountains)|Cove]]: A small valley, closed at one or both ends, in the central or southern [[Appalachian Mountains]] which sometimes results from the erosion of a [[Cove (Appalachian Mountains)|geologic window]].
* [[Dell (landform)|Dell]]: A small, secluded, and often wooded valley.
* [[Dry valley]]: A valley not created by sustained surface water flow.
* Erosional valley: A valley formed by [[erosion]].
* Hollow: A term used regionally for a small valley surrounded by mountains or [[ridge]]s. In [[Ireland]], [[New England]], [[Appalachia]], and the [[Ozarks]] of [[Arkansas]] and [[Missouri]], a hollow is a small valley or dry [[stream bed]]; often called a holler.
* [[Longitudinal valley]]: An elongated valley found between two nearly-parallel mountain chains.
* [[Steephead valley]]: A deep, narrow, flat-bottomed valley with an abrupt ending.
* [[strike and dip|Strike valley]]''':''' A valley typically developed parallel to a [[cuesta]] from more readily eroded strata.
* [[Structural valley]]: A valley formed by geologic events such as drop faults or the rise of highlands.<ref name="NPS">{{cite web|title=Early History, Santa Clara County|url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/history.htm|website=National Park Service|access-date=January 16, 2015|quote=Santa Clara Valley is a structural valley, created by mountain building, as opposed to an erosional valley, or one which has undergone the wearing away of the earth's surface by natural agents.}}</ref>

Similar geographical features such as [[gully|gullies]], [[chine]]s, and [[Canyon|kloofs]], are not usually referred to as valleys.

===British regional terms for valleys===
[[File:Indus Kohistan Pakistan.jpg|thumb|[[Indus River]] running through the Kohistan Valley in [[Pakistan]]]]

The terms [[cirque|corrie]], [[glen]], and [[strath]] are all [[Anglicisation]]s of [[Scottish Gaelic|Gaelic]] terms and are commonly encountered in place-names in [[Scotland]] and other areas where Gaelic was once widespread. Strath signifies a wide valley between hills, the floor of which is either level or slopes gently.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ross |first1=David |title=Scottish Place-names |date=2001 |publisher=Birlinn |location=Edinburgh |isbn=1841581739 |page=203 |edition=First}}</ref> A glen is a river valley which is steeper and narrower than a strath.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ross |first1=David |title=Scottish Place-names |date=2001 |publisher=Birlinn |location=Edinburgh |isbn=1841581739 |page=99 |edition=First}}</ref> A corrie is a basin-shaped hollow in a mountain.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ross |first1=David |title=Scottish Place-names |date=2001 |publisher=Birlinn |location=Edinburgh |isbn=1841581739 |page=53 |edition=First}}</ref> Each of these terms also occurs in parts of the world formerly [[British Empire|colonized by Britain]]. ''Corrie'' is used more widely by geographers as a synonym for (glacial) ''[[cirque]]'', as is the word ''[[cwm (landform)|cwm]]'' borrowed from [[Welsh language|Welsh]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Whitten |first1=D.G.A. |last2=Brooks |first2=J.R.V. |title=Dictionary of Geology |date=1972 |publisher=Penguin |location=London |isbn=0140510494 |page=83 |edition=First}}</ref>

The word [[dale (landform)|dale]] occurs widely in place names in the north of England and, to a lesser extent, in southern Scotland. As a generic name for a type of valley, [[dale (landform)|the term]] typically refers to a wide valley, though there are many much smaller stream valleys within the [[Yorkshire Dales]] which are named "(specific name) Dale".<ref>{{cite web |title=Bing maps |url=https://www.bing.com/maps/ |publisher=Microsoft Bing |access-date=20 December 2020}}</ref> [[Clough (valley)|Clough]] is a word in common use in northern England for a narrow valley with steep sides.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gelling |first1=Margaret |title=Place-names in the Landscape: the Geographical roots of Britain's place-names |date=1984 |publisher=J M Dent |location=London |isbn=0460860860 |page=88 |edition=First}}</ref> ''[[Gill]]'' is used to describe a ravine containing a mountain stream in [[Cumbria]] and the [[Pennines]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gelling |first1=Margaret |title=Place-names in the Landscape: the Geographical roots of Britain's place-names |date=1984 |publisher=J M Dent |location=London |isbn=0460860860 |page=99 |edition=First}}</ref> The term [[combe]] (also encountered as ''coombe'') is widespread in southern England and describes a short valley set into a hillside.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |year= 2011 |title= Combe |encyclopedia= Merriam–Webster's Dictionary |publisher=Merriam–Webster |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/combe }}</ref> Other terms for small valleys such as hope, dean, slade, slack and bottom are commonly encountered in place-names in various parts of England but are no longer in general use as synonyms for ''valley''.

The term vale {{Anchor|Vale}} is used in England and Wales to describe a wide river valley, usually with a particularly wide [[flood plain]] or flat valley bottom. In Southern England, vales commonly occur between the outcrops of different relatively erosion-resistant rock formations, where less [[Geological resistance|resistant]] rock, often [[claystone]] has been eroded. An example is the [[Vale of White Horse]] in Oxfordshire.