Editing Uruguay (section)

=== Climate ===
{{Main|Climate of Uruguay}}

[[File:Koppen-Geiger Map URY present.svg|thumb|Köppen–Geiger climate classification map for Uruguay]]
Located entirely within the southern temperate zone, Uruguay has a climate that is relatively mild and fairly uniform nationwide.<ref name="loc-27"/> According to the [[Köppen climate classification]], most of the country has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (Cfa). Only in some spots of the Atlantic Coast and at the summit of the highest hills of the [[Cuchilla Grande]] the climate is [[oceanic climate|oceanic]] (Cfb).

The country experiences four seasons, with summer from December to March and winter from June to September. Seasonal variations are pronounced, but extremes in temperature are rare.<ref name="loc-27"/> Summers are tempered by winds off the Atlantic, and severe cold in winter is unknown.<ref name="loc-27" /><ref>{{EB1911|wstitle=Uruguay}}</ref> Although it never gets too cold, frosts occur every year during the winter months, and precipitation such as sleet and hail occur almost every winter, but snow is very rare; it does occur every couple of years at higher elevations, but almost always without accumulation. As would be expected with its abundance of water, high humidity, and fog are common.<ref name="loc-27">{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/uruguay/27.htm|title=Climate – Uruguay|publisher=Library of Congress Country Studies|access-date=23 February 2011|archive-date=30 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430025510/http://countrystudies.us/uruguay/27.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

The absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, makes all locations vulnerable to high winds and rapid changes in weather as fronts or storms sweep across the country.<ref name="loc-27"/> These storms can be strong; they can bring [[squall]]s, [[hail]], and sometimes even [[tornado]]es.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Quinones |first=Nelson |date=16 April 2016 |title=Tornado kills 4, injures hundreds in Uruguay |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/04/16/americas/uruguay-tornado/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014112935/https://www.cnn.com/2016/04/16/americas/uruguay-tornado/index.html |archive-date=14 October 2023 |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> The country experiences [[extratropical cyclone]]s but no tropical cyclones, due to the fact that the [[Atlantic Ocean|South Atlantic Ocean]] is rarely warm enough for their development. Both summer and winter weather may vary from day to day with the passing of storm fronts, where a hot northerly wind may occasionally be followed by a cold wind ([[Pampero (wind)|pampero]]) from the Argentine [[Pampas]].<ref name="britannica"/>

Even though both temperature and precipitation are quite uniform nationwide, there are considerable differences across the territory. The average annual temperature of the country is {{convert|17.5|C|F}}, ranging from {{convert|16|C|F}} in the southeast to {{convert|19|C|F}} in the northwest.<ref name="inumet.gub.uy">{{Cite web |title=Características climáticas {{!}} Inumet |trans-title=Climatic Characteristics {{!}} Inumet |url=https://www.inumet.gub.uy/clima/estadisticas-climatologicas/caracteristicas-climaticas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108135502/https://www.inumet.gub.uy/clima/estadisticas-climatologicas/caracteristicas-climaticas |archive-date=8 November 2022 |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=www.inumet.gub.uy}}</ref> Winter temperatures range from a daily average of {{convert|11|C|F}} in the south to {{convert|14|C|F}} in the north, while summer average daily temperatures range from {{convert|21|C|F}} in the southeast to {{convert|25|C|F}} in the northwest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climatología estacional {{!}} Inumet |url=https://www.inumet.gub.uy/clima/climatologia-estacional |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=www.inumet.gub.uy |archive-date=8 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108135504/https://www.inumet.gub.uy/clima/climatologia-estacional |url-status=live }}</ref> The southeast is considerably cooler than the rest of the country, especially during spring, when the ocean with cold water after the winter cools down the temperature of the air and brings more humidity to that region. However, the south of the country receives less precipitation than the north. For example, Montevideo receives approximately {{convert|1100|mm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}} of precipitation per year, while the city of Rivera in the northeast receives {{convert|1600|mm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}}.<ref name="inumet.gub.uy"/> The heaviest precipitation occurs during the autumn months, although more frequent rainy spells occur in winter.<ref name="britannica"/> But periods of drought or excessive rain can occur anytime during the year.

National extreme temperatures at sea level are, {{convert|44|C|F}} in [[Paysandú]] city (20 January 1943) and [[Florida, Uruguay|Florida]] city (14 January 2022),<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-14 |title=Ola de calor: Florida registró un récord histórico de temperatura |trans-title=Heat wave: Florida recorded a historic temperature record |url=https://ladiaria.com.uy/politica/articulo/2022/1/ola-de-calor-florida-registro-un-record-historico-de-temperatura/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114235000/https://ladiaria.com.uy/politica/articulo/2022/1/ola-de-calor-florida-registro-un-record-historico-de-temperatura/ |archive-date=14 January 2022 |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=la diaria |language=es-UY}}</ref> and {{convert|−11.0|C|F}} in [[Melo, Uruguay|Melo]] city (14 June 1967).<ref>[http://www.rau.edu.uy/uruguay/geografia/records.txt RECORDS METEOROLOGICOS EN EL URUGUAY — Boletín Meteorológico Mensual – Dirección Nacional de Meteorología] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609015041/http://www.rau.edu.uy/uruguay/geografia/records.txt |date=9 June 2015 }}. None. Retrieved on 25 June 2012.</ref>