Editing Tyrosine (section)

==Industrial synthesis==
<small>L</small>-Tyrosine is used in [[pharmaceuticals]], [[dietary supplements]], and [[food additives]]. Two methods were formerly used to manufacture <small>L</small>-tyrosine. The first involves the extraction of the desired amino acid from protein hydrolysates using a chemical approach. The second utilizes enzymatic synthesis from phenolics, pyruvate, and ammonia through the use of [[tyrosine phenol-lyase]].<ref name="Perspectives of biotechnological pr">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lütke-Eversloh T, Santos CN, Stephanopoulos G | title = Perspectives of biotechnological production of L-tyrosine and its applications | journal = Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology | volume = 77 | issue = 4 | pages = 751–62 | date = December 2007 | pmid = 17968539 | doi = 10.1007/s00253-007-1243-y | s2cid = 23088822 }}</ref> Advances in [[genetic engineering]] and the advent of [[industrial fermentation]] have shifted the synthesis of L-tyrosine to the use of engineered strains of ''E. coli''.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chavez-Bejar M, Baez-Viveros J, Martinez A, Bolivar F, Gosset G | year = 2012 | title = Biotechnological production of L-tyrosine and derived compounds | journal = Process Biochemistry | volume = 47 | issue = 7| pages = 1017–1026 | doi=10.1016/j.procbio.2012.04.005}}</ref><ref name="Perspectives of biotechnological pr"/>