Editing Troubadour (section)

===Medieval Latin or Goliardic===
Hans Spanke analysed the intertextual connexion between vernacular and [[medieval Latin]] (such as [[Goliardic]]) songs. This theory is supported by Reto Bezzola, Peter Dronke, and musicologist [[Jacques Chailley]]. According to them, ''trobar'' means "inventing a trope", the trope being a poem where the words are used with a meaning different from their common signification, i.e. [[metaphor]] and [[metonymy]]. This poem was originally inserted in a serial of modulations ending a liturgic song. Then the trope became an autonomous piece organized in stanza form.<ref name="DITL">[http://www.ditl.info/arttest/art4482.php Troubadour], ''Observatoire de terminologie littéraire'', [[University of Limoges]], France.</ref> The influence of late 11th-century poets of the "Loire school", such as [[Marbod of Rennes]] and [[Hildebert of Lavardin]], is stressed in this connexion by Brinkmann.<ref>Gerald A. Bond, "Origins", in Akehurst and Davis, 244.</ref>