Editing Trieste (section)

==== A city in limbo (1945–1947) ====
After an agreement between the Yugoslav leader [[Josip Broz Tito]] and Field Marshal Alexander, the Yugoslav forces withdrew from Trieste, which came under a joint British-U.S. military administration.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Novak |first=Bogdan |title=Trieste, 1941-1954 |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |year=1970 |location=United States of America |pages=196–198 |language=en}}</ref> The Julian March was divided by the [[Morgan Line]] between Anglo-American and Yugoslav military administration until September 1947 when the [[Paris Peace Treaty]] established the [[Free Territory of Trieste]]. The effective turning point for Trieste's fortunes had already been established, though: President Truman's stipulations, later named the Truman Doctrine, in all but name had sealed the status quo, formalised only in the above-mentioned treaty, one that proved to be a careful balancing act between Yugoslav demands, Italian claims and international aims toward the Adriatic gulf and Eastern Europe in general. Questions arose on the structure of government as soon and even earlier than the signing of the treaty, with neither Italy nor Yugoslavia willing to recognise a joint governor.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Novak |first=Bogdan |title=Trieste, 1941-1954 |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |year=1970 |location=United States of America |pages=279–280 |language=en}}</ref> Initially, the newly established Allied Military Government (AMG) found it difficult to exercise its authority over the newly administered territories (the Italian majority provinces of Trieste, Gorizia and Pola), because of a rooted communist presence, especially in the countryside. This state of affairs did not change until a formal peace treaty with Italy had been signed, granting the AMG the full powers to administer justice and re-establish law and order in those areas under its administration. Replacing the People's Militia, the AMG recruited a civilian police force from the indigenous population along the Anglo-Saxon police model. This exercise of jurisdiction was thus articulated: pursuant to Proclamation No. 1, three tiers of tribunals were established: the Summary Military Courts, with jurisdiction over petty crime, the Superior Military Courts, which could impose punishments not exceeding 10 years imprisonment, and the General Military Court, which could impose the death penalty. Civil courts, as modelled on the Kingdom of Italy's code, were, pursuant to General Order No. 6, re-established July 12, 1945, but the Slovene minority was given the right to be heard, and for proceedings to be, in their own language.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Novak |first=Bogdan |title=Trieste, 1941-1954 |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |year=1970 |location=United States of America |pages=214 |language=en}}</ref>