Editing Trans World Airlines (section)

===1960s===
In 1961, TWA introduced [[in-flight movie]]s. In 1962, TWA started using [[Doppler radar]] on its international flights.<ref name=Karash/>{{rp|52}}

====Charles C. Tillinghast Jr.====
[[File:Convair 880 N830TW TWA ORD 24.04.71 edited-3.jpg|thumb|right|TWA added the [[Convair 880]] jet airliner to its US-based fleet beginning in 1960.]]
In 1960, Hughes relinquished control of the airline, as the major stockholder, through the financial terms associated with the jet purchase. As a consequence of that deal, [[Charles C. Tillinghast Jr.]] took over as president. The battle over Hughes' control continued in court until 1966 when Hughes was forced to sell his stock. That sale brought Hughes $546,549,771.<ref name=Noah/>{{rp|289,299–300}}

Under a plan put together by [[Dillon, Read & Co.]], a $165 million loan was raised to fund a 45-jet fleet. The deal was signed on December 30, 1960 by Hughes' lawyer Raymond Holliday, who constituted one member of a three-person voting trust, with the other two members, [[Ernest R. Breech]] and [[Irving S. Olds]], represented the financing institutions. On June 30, 1961, TWA filed a federal suit against Hughes, Hughes Tool Co., and Raymond Holliday. Then on April 18, 1962, TWA filed a Delaware suit against Hughes and Hughes Tool Co. On January 10, 1973, the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] ruled against TWA in the federal case. However, on May 15, 1986, Delaware ruled in favor of TWA for the state case, eventually awarding TWA $48,346,000.<ref name=Rummel/>{{rp|363,372,382,384,388–389,401–402,406–407}}<ref name=Karash/>{{rp|39–40,45}}

TWA started operating its Convair 880s on January 12, 1961 but would report a [[net loss]] of $38.7 million for 1961. TWA reported a [[net income|net profit]] of $19.8 million in 1963, $37 million in 1964, and $50.1 million in 1965. TWA stock went from $7.5 per share in 1962 to $62 in 1965.<ref name=Rummel/>{{rp|376,378,399}}

Under new management, the [[Trans World Corporation]] (TWA's holding company) expanded to purchase [[Hilton Hotels]], [[Hardee's]], Canteen Corp., and [[Century 21 (real estate)|Century 21 Realty]]. Employment grew to nearly 10,000 employees.<ref name=Rummel/>{{rp|44}}<ref name=Karash/>{{rp|52}} In 1964, TWA started a program to assist in the United States export expansion effort that became known as the TWA MarketAir [[Corporate Logo]] to promote business passenger air travel and as a marketing tool to be used in air cargo sales. This marketing effort was initiated by the Senior Vice President, of Marketing, Thomas B. McFadden, in collaboration with the Bureau of International Commerce, important U.S. financial institutions, and export expansion entities to offer tools that small and medium-sized U.S. companies could use at low or no cost to expand their exports. Staff management of this program was under the direction of Joseph S. Cooper. A key element of this program was the ''MarketAir Newsletter'' in a number of languages targeted to American exporters and international travellers.<ref>''Journal of Commerce''. August 31, 1965</ref>{{full citation needed|date=February 2023}}<ref>''Travel Magazine''. September 1965</ref>{{full citation needed|date=February 2023}}

In 1964, TWA opened its New York office.<ref name=Karash/>{{rp|46}}

====Revolutionary airport design====
TWA was one of the first airlines, after [[Delta Air Lines]], to embrace the [[spoke-hub distribution paradigm]] and was one of the first with the [[Boeing 747]]. It planned to use the 747 along with the [[supersonic transport]] to fly people between the West/Midwest (via Kansas City) and New York City (via [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]]) to Europe and other world destinations. As part of this strategy, TWA's hub airports were to have gates close to the street. The TWA-style airport design proved impractical when [[List of Cuba–United States aircraft hijackings|hijackings to Cuba]] in the late 1960s caused a need for central security checkpoints.

=====John F. Kennedy International Airport=====
{{Main|TWA Flight Center}}
[[File:Jfkairport.jpg|thumb|The Trans World Flight Center at [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]] in New York]]
In 1962, TWA opened [[TWA Flight Center|Trans World Flight Center]], now Terminal 5 (or simply T5), at New York City's JFK Airport and designed by [[Eero Saarinen]]. The terminal was expanded in 1969 to accommodate [[Boeing 747|jumbo jets]], went dormant in 2001, and underwent renovation and expansion beginning in 2005. A new terminal with a crescent-shaped entry hall and now serving [[JetBlue]] opened in 2008—partially encircling the landmark. The headhouse was renovated by Morse Development along with MCR and turned into the [[TWA Hotel]] which opened on May 15, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/twa-hotel-jfk-airport-opening/index.html|title=TWA Hotel opens at JFK Airport|last=Marcus|first=Lilit|date=2019-05-15|website=CNN Travel|language=en|access-date=2019-05-17|archive-date=2019-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517012312/https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/twa-hotel-jfk-airport-opening/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=====Kansas City International Airport=====
Kansas City approved a $150 million bond issue for the TWA hub there. TWA vetoed plans for a [[Dulles International Airport]]–style hub-and-spoke gate structure. Following union strife, the airport ultimately cost $250 million when it opened in 1972, with Vice President [[Spiro Agnew]] officiating. TWA's gates, which were intended to be within {{convert|100|ft|m}} of the street, became obsolete because of security issues. Kansas City refused to rebuild its terminals as [[Dallas Fort Worth International Airport]] rebuilt its similar terminals, forcing TWA to look for a new hub. Missouri politicians moved to keep it in the state and in 1982, TWA began a decade-long move to [[Lambert International Airport]] in St. Louis.

====All-jet fleet====
[[File:Trans World Airlines Boeing 707-331B Gilliand.jpg|thumb|TWA operated Boeing 707 single-aisle jets in the 1960s.]]
[[File:Boeing 727-231 N74318 TWA DCA 05.08.75 edited-3.jpg|thumb|right|TWA operated nearly 100 [[Boeing 727]] trijets on their US domestic routes between 1964 and closure of operations.]]
On April 7, 1967, TWA became one of the first all-jet airlines in the USA with the retirement of their last Lockheed L-749A Constellation and L-1649 Starliner cargo aircraft. That morning aircraft ground-service personnel placed a booklet on every passenger seat throughout the TWA system titled "Props Are For Boats".

Between 1967–72, TWA was the world's third-largest airline by passenger miles, behind Aeroflot and United. During the mid and late 1960s, the airline extended its reach as far east as Hong Kong from Europe and also introduced service to several destinations in Africa.<ref>[http://www.timetableimages.com June 1964 & August 8, 1968, Trans World Airlines system timetables] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010202024400/http://www.timetableimages.com/ |date=February 2, 2001 }} ''www.timetableimages.com''</ref> In 1969, TWA carried the most transatlantic passengers of any airline; until then, Pan American World Airways had always been number one. In the [[Transpacific Route Case]] of 1969, TWA was given authority to fly across the Pacific to Hawaii and Taiwan, and for a few years, TWA had a round-the-world network.<ref>{{cite web|title=TWA route map, 04/30/1972|url=http://www.departedflights.com/TW043072.html|access-date=29 August 2013|archive-date=27 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140127044229/http://www.departedflights.com/TW043072.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1969, TWA opened the [[Breech Academy]] on a {{convert|25|acre|m2|adj=on}} campus in the Kansas City suburb of [[Overland Park, Kansas]] to train its flight attendants, ticket agents, and travel agents, as well as to provide flight simulators for its pilots. It became the definitive airline facility, training other airlines' staff, as well as its own.

The airline continued to expand European operations in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. In 1987, TWA had a transatlantic system reaching from Los Angeles to [[Mumbai|Bombay]], including virtually every major European population center, with 10 American gateways.

[[File:Dan Hadani collection (990044404330205171).jpg|thumb|A TWA passenger airplane was hijacked and forced to land unexpectedly in Damascus, Syria. The Israeli passengers were arrested but were released after several days.]]