Editing Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (section)

== Reception and influence ==

===Philosophical===
At the time of its publication in 1921, Wittgenstein concluded that the ''Tractatus'' had resolved all philosophical problems,<ref name="SEP">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Ludwig Wittgenstein |encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Editorial Board |last1=Biletzki |first1=Anat |last2=Matar |first2=Anat |name-list-style=amp |date=2002-11-08 |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/wittgenstein/#Bio}}</ref> leaving one free to focus on what really matters – ethics, faith, music and so on.<ref>{{Cite web |author-link=Terry Eagleton |author-last=Eagleton |author-first=Terry |date=2022-05-15 |title=Ludwig Wittgenstein's war on philosophy |url=https://unherd.com/2022/05/ludwig-wittgensteins-war-on-philosophy/ |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=UnHerd |language=en-GB}}</ref> He would later recant this view, beginning in 1945,<ref name="Malcolm">{{cite book | title=Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Memoir | pages=58–59 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NfXWAAAAMAAJ | last=Malcolm | first=Norman |author-link=Norman Malcolm| year=1958 | publisher=Oxford University Press | isbn=978-0-19-500282-9 }}</ref> leading him to begin work on what would ultimately become the ''[[Philosophical Investigations]]''.

The book was translated into English in 1922 by [[Charles Kay Ogden|C. K. Ogden]] with help from the teenaged Cambridge mathematician and philosopher [[Frank P. Ramsey]]. Ramsey later visited Wittgenstein in Austria. Translation issues make the concepts hard to pinpoint, especially given Wittgenstein's usage of terms and difficulty in translating ideas into words.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Philosophy and the History of Philosophy |first=Richard H. |last=Popkin |author-link=Richard Popkin|journal=[[Journal of Philosophy]] |volume=82 |issue=11 |pages=625–632 |date=November 1985 |quote=Many who knew Wittgenstein report that he found it extremely difficult to put his ideas into words and that he had many special usages of terms. |jstor=2026418 |doi=10.2307/2026418|hdl=11380/1073999 }}</ref>

The ''Tractatus'' caught the attention of the philosophers of the [[Vienna Circle]] (1921–1933), especially [[Rudolf Carnap]] and [[Moritz Schlick]]. The group spent many months working through the text out loud, line by line. Schlick eventually convinced Wittgenstein to meet with members of the circle to discuss the ''Tractatus'' when he returned to Vienna (he was then working as an architect). Although the Vienna Circle's [[Logical positivism|logical positivists]] appreciated the ''Tractatus'', they argued that the last few passages, including Proposition 7, are confused. Carnap hailed the book as containing important insights but encouraged people to ignore the concluding sentences. Wittgenstein responded to Schlick, commenting: "I cannot imagine that Carnap should have so completely misunderstood the last sentences of the book and hence the fundamental conception of the entire book."<ref name="Two">{{cite book |author-link=James F. Conant |last=Conant |first=James F. |chapter=Putting Two and Two Together: Kierkegaard, Wittgenstein and the Point of View for Their Works as Authors |title=Philosophy and the Grammar of Religious Belief |year=1995 |editor1-first=Timothy |editor1-last=Tessin |editor2-first=Marion |editor2-last=von der Ruhr |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=0-312-12394-9}}</ref>

A more recent interpretation comes from [[The New Wittgenstein]] family of interpretations under development since 2000.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Crary |editor1-first=Alice M. |editor2-first=Rupert |editor2-last=Read |title=The New Wittgenstein |publisher=Routledge |year=2000}}</ref> This so-called "resolute reading" is controversial and much debated.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Read |editor1-first=Rupert |editor2-last=Lavery |editor2-first=Matthew A.|title=Beyond the Tractatus Wars: The New Wittgenstein Debate |location=New York|publisher=Routledge |year=2011}}</ref> The main contention of such readings is that Wittgenstein in the ''Tractatus'' does not provide a theoretical account of language that relegates ethics and philosophy to a mystical realm of the unsayable. Rather, the book has a therapeutic aim. By working through the propositions of the book the reader comes to realize that language is perfectly suited to all our needs, and that philosophy rests on a confused relation to the logic of our language. The confusion that the ''Tractatus'' seeks to dispel is not a confused theory, such that a correct theory would be a proper way to clear the confusion. Rather, the confusion lies in the notion that any theory is needed. The method of the ''Tractatus'' is to make the reader aware of the logic of our language as we are already familiar with it. Dispelling the need for a theoretical account of the logic of our language is intended to spread to other areas of philosophy. Thereby the confusion involved in putting forward ethical and metaphysical theories, for example, is cleared in the same "coup".{{cn|date=June 2024}}

Wittgenstein would not meet the Vienna Circle proper, but only a few of its members, including Moritz Schlick, Rudolf Carnap, and [[Friedrich Waismann]]. Often, though, he refused to discuss philosophy, and would insist on giving the meetings over to reciting the [[poetry]] of [[Rabindranath Tagore]] with his chair turned to the wall. He largely broke off formal relations even with these members of the circle after coming to believe Carnap had used some of his ideas without permission.<ref>{{harvnb|Hintikka|2000|p=55}} cites Wittgenstein's accusation of Carnap upon receiving a 1932 preprint from Carnap.</ref>

[[Alfred Korzybski]] credits Wittgenstein as an influence in his book, ''Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.generalsemantics.org/store/all-books/56-science-and-sanity-an-introduction-to-non-aristotelian-systems-and-general-semantics.html |title=Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics |website=The Institute of General Semantics Store |access-date=2011-05-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811061133/http://www.generalsemantics.org/store/all-books/56-science-and-sanity-an-introduction-to-non-aristotelian-systems-and-general-semantics.html |archive-date=2011-08-11 }}</ref>

[[Casimir Lewy]] wrote that "I do not find...any evidence in ''[[Mind (journal)|Mind]]'' that the book had much direct influence on the development of philosophy in England during the period that I am reviewing [1976]", with the exception of Frank Ramsey's paper on [[universals]]. This is in contrast to Wittgenstein's latter philosophy, "with the later philosophy of Wittgenstein the story is very different".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lewy |first1=Casimir |title=Mind under G. E. Moore (1921-1947) |journal=Mind |date=January 1976 |volume=85 |issue=337 |pages=37-46 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2253253}}</ref>

===Artistic===
The ''Tractatus'' was the theme of a 1992 film by the Hungarian filmmaker [[Péter Forgács]]. The 32-minute production, named ''[[Wittgenstein Tractatus]]'', features citations from the ''Tractatus'' and other works by Wittgenstein.

In 1989 the Finnish artist [[M. A. Numminen]] released a black vinyl album, ''The Tractatus Suite'', consisting of extracts from the ''Tractatus'' set to music, on the Forward! label (GN-95). The tracks were [T. 1] "The World is...", [T. 2] "In order to tell", [T. 4] "A thought is...", [T. 5] "A proposition is...", [T. 6] "The general form of a truth-function", and [T. 7] {{lang|de|italic=no|"Wovon man nicht sprechen kann"}}. It was recorded at Finnvox Studios, Helsinki between February and June 1989. The "lyrics" were provided in German, English, Esperanto, French, Finnish and Swedish.<ref>{{cite web |title=M. A. Numminen – The Tractatus Suite |year=1989 |url=http://www.discogs.com/MA-Numminen-The-Tractatus-Suite/release/3035915 |publisher=Discogs.com |access-date=16 March 2015}}</ref> The music was reissued as a CD in 2003, ''M. A. Numminen sings Wittgenstein''.<ref>{{cite web|title=M. A. Numminen Sings Wittgenstein. EFA SP 142 - Label Zweitausendeins - Germany |publisher=Discogs.com |date=2003 |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/5553723-MA-Numminen-Sings-Wittgenstein}}</ref>

The ''Tractatus'' is featured as a predominate thematic basis for the visual novel ''[[Wonderful Everyday]]''.<ref name="SCADI-AMA">{{Cite web |date=2017-08-26 |title=Wonderful Everyday/Subahibi AMA responses from SCA-DI |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/visualnovels/comments/6wa908/wonderful_everydaysubahibi_ama_responses_from/ |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=reddit |publisher=SCA-DI |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829055738/https://www.reddit.com/r/visualnovels/comments/6wa908/wonderful_everydaysubahibi_ama_responses_from/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="vvav-1">{{Cite web |date=2017-08-21 |title=Frontwing team here feat. KeroQ - Wonderful Everyday (Subahibi) AMA! |url=https://www.reddit.com/r/visualnovels/comments/6uzlc1/comment/dlye29r/?context=3 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=reddit |publisher=vvav |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829055558/https://www.reddit.com/r/visualnovels/comments/6uzlc1/comment/dlye29r/?context=3 |url-status=live |quote=That being said, I did make sure to familiarize myself with Wittgenstein and his works (although only the Tractatus seems to be relevant to Subahibi)...}}</ref>