Editing Trabzon (section)

==People==
=== History ===
Trebizond was an overwhelmingly [[Christianity|Christian]] and [[Greeks|Greek]] city at the time of its fall to the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] in 1461. The Greek Christians slowly lost their majority through the end of that century. Initially, the Muslims were mainly immigrants from [[Anatolia]] with a minority of local converts, but this quickly changed with the emergence of an active missionary spirit in the 16th century, as mosques and [[dervish]] lodges were built in predominantly Christian neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Greene |first1=Molly |title=Edinburgh History of the Greeks, 1453 to 1768: The Ottoman Empire |date=23 July 2015 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |pages=75–79 |isbn=9780748694006 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0DwkDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA77 |access-date=5 June 2023}}</ref>[[File:Johannes Bessarion aport012.png|thumb|[[Bessarion]] was born in Trebizond on January 2, 1403. He was one of the illustrious Greek scholars who contributed to the [[Renaissance]] in [[Western Europe]] in the 15th century.]]
[[File:EmperorSuleiman.jpg|thumb|[[Suleiman the Magnificent]] was born in Trebizond on November 6, 1494. He was one of the greatest emperors in history and vastly enlarged the territories of the [[Ottoman Empire]], which became one of the world's leading [[superpower]]s in the 16th century, together with its arch-rival in the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]], the [[Spanish Empire]]. Portrait after [[Titian]] in the [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]], Vienna.]]

[[Laz people]] also live in Trabzon. Numerous villages inside and out of Trabzon of the Laz date back as early as the period of [[Tamar of Georgia|Queen Tamar]]'s rule (Georgian: თამარი, also transliterated as T'amar or Thamar; c. 1160 – 18 January 1213) in the newly unified [[Kingdom of Georgia]]. During the Queen's rule, sizeable groups of immigrating Georgians moved to Trabzon where they continue to preserve their native tongue. There was an Armenian community in Trebizond as early as the 7th century.<ref name=sae>{{Cite encyclopedia|author1=Victor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian |author2=Abel Poghosi Simonyan |author3=Makich Vahani Arzumanyan |title=Yerevan|year=1986|encyclopedia=Haykakan sovetakan hanragitaran ["[[Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia]]"] |volume=12|pages=87 |oclc=10431241|language=hy}}</ref>

During the 13th and 14th centuries, numerous [[Armenians|Armenian]] families migrated there from [[Ani]].<ref name="sae"/> Robert W. Edwards published part of an early 15th-century diary from the Castilian ambassador who visited Trabzon and compared the churches of the Greek and Armenian communities.<ref>Robert W. Edwards, "Armenian and Byzantine Religious Practices in Early Fifteenth-Century Trabzon: A Spanish Viewpoint", ''Revue des Études Arméniennes'' 23, 1992, pp. 81–90.</ref> It was stated by the ambassador that the Armenians, who were not well-liked by the Greeks, had a population large enough to support a resident bishop.  According to Ronald C. Jennings, in the early 16th century, Armenians made up approximately 13 percent<ref>15.5% of 85%</ref> of the city's population.<ref>Jennings, Ronald C. (Jan. 1976) ''Urban Population in Anatolia in the 16th Century'': International Journal of MiddleEast Studies, Vol. 7, No. 1 pp. 21–57.</ref> At present, Trabzon does not have an Armenian-speaking community.

The [[Chepni]] people, a tribe of [[Oghuz Turks]] who played an important role in the history of the eastern Black Sea area in the 13th and 14th centuries, live in the [[Şalpazarı]] (Ağasar valley) region of the Trabzon Province.<ref>Bernt Brendemoen, ''The Turkish dialects of Trabzon'', [[University of Oslo]], 2002 p. 18</ref> Very little has been written on the [[Turkification]] of the area. There are no historical records of any considerable Turkish-speaking groups in the Trabzon area until the late 15th century, with the exception of the Chepnis. The original [[Pontic Greek|Greek]] (and in some regions [[Armenian language|Armenian]]) speakers imposed features from their mother language into the Turkish spoken in the region. [[Heath W. Lowry]]'s<ref>Professor. Department of Near Eastern Studies. Princeton University</ref> work with Halil İnalcık on Ottoman tax books (''Tahrir Defteri'')<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080222063342/http://www.e-bogazici.com/pinfo.asp?pid=224 Trabzon Şehrinin İslamlaşması ve Türkleşmesi 1461–1583] {{ISBN|975-518-116-4}}</ref> provides detailed demographic statistics for the city of Trabzon and its surrounding areas during the Ottoman period.

It is possible that the majority of the population of Trabzon and [[Rize]] (another ancient Greek colony in the Pontus region) — except up to the time of the Chepni Turk immigration waves — consisted of indigenous Caucasian tribes (the [[Colchians]] and the Laz) who had been partly [[Hellenization|Hellenized]] religiously and linguistically.<ref>Michael Meeker, "The Black Sea Turks: some aspects of their ethnic and cultural background", ''International Journal of Middle East Studies'' (1971) '''2''':318–345</ref> Michael Meeker stresses the cultural resemblances (e.g. in village structure, house types, and pastoral techniques) between the Eastern Black Sea coast and the areas in the [[Caucasus]] proper.<ref>Meeker, 1971: p. 326 "''As the mentioned, the villages along the Black Sea coast from Ordu to Artvin are composed of many hamlets, each dominating a hilltop or mountainside on which its own crops are separately planted. This type of settlement pattern is in sharp contrast with the typical nucleated Anatolian village, but its characteristic of many rural settlements of the Western Caucasus notably those of Abkhaz, Circassians, Georgians, Mingrelians, and Ossetes...''"<br />For similar ideas See: Karl Koch, Reise duch Russland nach dem Kaukasis chen Istmus in den Jahren, 1836. vol1. p. 378; W.E.D. Allen, ''A History of the Georgian People'', London 1932. pp. 54–5; Özhan Öztürk, Karadeniz. 2005. p. 35, 757–68. For linguistic influence see: Bernt Brendomoen, ''Laz influence on the Black Sea Turkish Dialects'', 1990 (Proceedings from 32nd meeting of the Permanent International Altaistic Conference)</ref>

=== Urbanization ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Population !! 2007 !! 2008 !! 2009 !! 2010 !! 2011 !! 2012 !! 2013 !! 2014 !! 2015
|-
| Total || 740,569 || 748,982 || 765,127 || 763,714 || 757,353 || 757,898 || 758,237 || 766,782 || 768,417
|-
| Urban ||  396,646 || 390,797 || 408,103 || 415,652 || 757,353 || 757,898 || 758,237 || 766,782 || 768,417
|}