Editing Toothpaste (section)

====Remineralizing agents====
Chemical repair ([[Remineralisation of teeth|remineralization]]) of early tooth decay is promoted naturally by [[saliva]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Featherstone JD | title = Remineralization, the natural caries repair process—the need for new approaches | journal = Advances in Dental Research | volume = 21 | issue = 1 | pages = 4–7 | date = August 2009 | pmid = 19717404 | doi = 10.1177/0895937409335590 | s2cid = 206573422 }}</ref> However, this process can be enhanced by various remineralisation agents.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cochrane NJ, Cai F, Huq NL, Burrow MF, Reynolds EC | title = New approaches to enhanced remineralization of tooth enamel | journal = Journal of Dental Research | volume = 89 | issue = 11 | pages = 1187–97 | date = November 2010 | pmid = 20739698 | doi = 10.1177/0022034510376046 | s2cid = 27176221 }}</ref> Fluoride promotes remineralization, but is limited by bioavailable calcium.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shen P, Walker GD, Yuan Y, Reynolds C, Stanton DP, Fernando JR, Reynolds EC | title = Importance of bioavailable calcium in fluoride dentifrices for enamel remineralization | journal = Journal of Dentistry | volume = 78 | pages = 59–64 | date = November 2018 | pmid = 30099066 | doi = 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.08.005 | s2cid = 51968882 }}</ref> Casein phosphopeptide stabilised amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is a toothpaste ingredient containing bioavailable calcium that has been widely researched to be the most clinically effective remineralization agent that enhances the action of saliva and fluoride.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pithon MM, Baião FS, Sant'Anna LI, Tanaka OM, Cople-Maia L | title = Effectiveness of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate-containing products in the prevention and treatment of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients: A systematic review | journal = Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | pages = e12391 | date = May 2019 | pmid = 30680921 | doi = 10.1111/jicd.12391 | s2cid = 59250500 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wu L, Geng K, Gao Q | title = Early Caries Preventive Effects of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) Compared with Conventional Fluorides: A Meta-analysis | journal = Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry | volume = 17 | issue = 6 | pages = 495–503 | date = 2019-12-20 | pmid = 31825022 | doi = 10.3290/j.ohpd.a43637 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Tao S, Zhu Y, Yuan H, Tao S, Cheng Y, Li J, He L | title = Efficacy of fluorides and CPP-ACP vs fluorides monotherapy on early caries lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 13 | issue = 4 | pages = e0196660 | date = 2018-04-30 | pmid = 29709015 | pmc = 5927405 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0196660 | bibcode = 2018PLoSO..1396660T | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Philip-2019">{{cite journal | vauthors = Philip N | title = State of the Art Enamel Remineralization Systems: The Next Frontier in Caries Management | journal = Caries Research | volume = 53 | issue = 3 | pages = 284–295 | date = 2019 | pmid = 30296788 | pmc = 6518861 | doi = 10.1159/000493031 }}</ref> Peptide-based systems, hydroxyapatite nanocrystals and a variety of [[calcium phosphate]]s have been advocated as remineralization agents; however, more clinical evidence is required to substantiate their effectiveness.<ref name="Philip-2019" />
[[File:Zahncremes.jpg|thumb|200px|alt=A photo of 6 tubes of toothpaste where each tube is a unique brand|Toothpaste is sold in many brands.]]