Editing Thomas Hardy (section)

==Influence==
Hardy corresponded with and visited [[Charles George Milnes Gaskell|Lady Catherine Milnes Gaskell]] at [[Wenlock Abbey]] and many of Lady Catherine's books are inspired by Hardy, who was very fond of her.<ref>Gamble, Cynthia, 2015 Wenlock Abbey 1857–1919: A Shropshire Country House and the Milnes Gaskell Family, Ellingham Press.</ref>

[[D. H. Lawrence]]'s ''Study of Thomas Hardy'' (1914, first published 1936) indicates the importance of Hardy for him, even though this work is a platform for Lawrence's own developing philosophy rather than a more standard literary study. The influence of Hardy's treatment of character, and Lawrence's own response to the central [[metaphysic]] behind many of Hardy's novels, helped significantly in the development of ''[[The Rainbow]]'' (1915) and ''[[Women in Love]]'' (1920).<ref>Terry R. Wright. "Hardy's Heirs: D. H. Lawrence and John Cowper Powys" in ''A Companion to Thomas Hardy''. Chichester, Sussex: John Wiley, 2012.[https://books.google.com/books?id=xLP3sa-bnkoC&pg=PA1925] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411132913/https://books.google.com/books?id=xLP3sa-bnkoC&pg=PA1925|date=11 April 2021}}</ref>

''Wood and Stone'' (1915), the first novel by [[John Cowper Powys]], who was a contemporary of Lawrence, was "Dedicated with devoted admiration to the greatest poet and novelist of our age Thomas Hardy".<ref>Terry R. Wright. "Hardy's Heirs: D. H. Lawrence and John Cowper Powys"</ref> Powys's later novel ''[[Maiden Castle (novel)|Maiden Castle]]'' (1936) is set in [[Dorchester, Dorset|Dorchester]], which was Hardy's [[Casterbridge]], and was intended by Powys to be a "rival" to Hardy's ''[[The Mayor of Casterbridge]]''.<ref>Morine Krissdottir, ''Descents of Memory: The Life of John Cowper Powys''. (New York: Overlook Duckworth, 2007), p. 312.</ref> ''Maiden Castle'' is the last of Powys's so-called Wessex novels, ''[[Wolf Solent]]'' (1929), ''[[A Glastonbury Romance]]'' (1932) and ''[[Weymouth Sands]]'' (1934), which are set in Somerset and Dorset.<ref>Herbert Williams, ''John Cowper Powys''. (Bridgend, Wales: Seren, 1997), p. 94.</ref>

Hardy was clearly the starting point for the character of the novelist Edward Driffield in [[W. Somerset Maugham]]'s novel ''[[Cakes and Ale]]'' (1930).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Cakes and Ale|encyclopedia= Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.|year= 2015|access-date= 26 April 2015|url= http://academic.eb.com/EBchecked/topic/88658/Cakes-and-Ale}}</ref> Thomas Hardy's works also feature prominently in the American playwright [[Christopher Durang]]'s ''The Marriage of Bette and Boo'' (1985), in which a graduate thesis analysing ''[[Tess of the d'Urbervilles]]'' is interspersed with analysis of Matt's family's neuroses.<ref>Christopher Durang. ''The Marriage of Bette and Boo''. New York: Grove Press, 1987.[https://books.google.com/books?id=-z-ns9m7hTIC&pg=PA18] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915014720/https://books.google.com/books?id=-z-ns9m7hTIC&pg=PA18|date=15 September 2022}}</ref>

===Musical settings===
A number of notable English composers, including [[Gerald Finzi]],<ref>Song cycle ''[[Earth and Air and Rain]]'' (1936)</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geraldfinzi.com/biography/ |title=Biography " Gerald Finzi Official Site |publisher=Geraldfinzi.com |date=27 September 1956 |access-date=19 May 2014 |archive-date=10 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110023001/http://www.geraldfinzi.com/biography/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Benjamin Britten]],<ref>Song cycle ''[[Winter Words (song cycle)|Winter Words]]'' (1953)</ref> [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]]<ref>Cantata ''[[Hodie#VII: Song|Hodie]]'' (1954)</ref> and [[Gustav Holst]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lieder.net/get_settings.html?ComposerId=1237 |title=Gustav Holst (Vocal Texts and Translations for Composer Gustav Holst) |publisher=LiederNet Archive |access-date=19 May 2014 |archive-date=14 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914203708/http://www.lieder.net/get_settings.html?ComposerId=1237 |url-status=live }}</ref> set poems by Hardy to music. Others include Holst's daughter [[Imogen Holst]], [[John Ireland (composer)|John Ireland]],<ref>''[[Three Songs to Poems by Thomas Hardy]]''</ref> [[Muriel Herbert]], [[Ivor Gurney]] and [[Robin Milford]].<ref>''The Past and I: 100 Years of Thomas Hardy'', Delphian Records DCD34307 (2024)</ref> Orchestral tone poems which evoke the landscape of Hardy's novels include  Ireland's ''[[Mai-Dun]]'' (1921) and Holst's ''[[Egdon Heath (Holst)|Egdon Heath: A Homage to Thomas Hardy]]'' (1927).

Hardy has been a significant influence on Nigel Blackwell, frontman of the [[post-punk]] British rock band [[Half Man Half Biscuit]], who has often incorporated phrases (some obscure) by or about Hardy into his song lyrics.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2001/jul/21/weekend7.weekend6 |title=Taking the biscuit |first=Kevin |last=Sampson |author-link=Kevin Sampson (writer) |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=21 July 2001 |access-date=27 December 2019 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227114855/https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2001/jul/21/weekend7.weekend6 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>See for example the song title "[[Thy Damnation Slumbereth Not]]", which is a quotation from Thomas Hardy's novel ''[[Tess of the d'Urbervilles]]'',{{cite book|url=http://www.victorianlondon.org/etexts/hardy/tess-0012.shtml|last=Hardy|first=Thomas|title=Tess of the d'Urbervilles|at=Chapter 12|year=1891|access-date=21 February 2015|archive-date=21 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221154951/http://www.victorianlondon.org/etexts/hardy/tess-0012.shtml|url-status=live}} which is itself an adaptation of the [[Second Epistle of Peter]] at [[s:Bible (King James)/2 Peter#Chapter 2|2:3]]: "Their damnation slumbereth not".</ref>