Editing Theme (Byzantine district) (section)

==List of new themes, 930s–1060s==
These were the new major or minor themes (provinces), established during the Byzantine conquests, in the East (the so-called "Armenian" themes or generalships, {{transliteration|grc|strategiai}}), in Italy and in the Balkans.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- align="centre"
! style="background:#efefef;" | Theme (name in Greek)
! style="background:#efefef;" | Date
! style="background:#efefef;" | Capital
! style="background:#efefef;" | Comments
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Artze]]'''<br>(Ἄρτζε)
| {{sort|975|970s}}
| Artze
| A minor theme attested in the ''[[Escorial Taktikon]]''. Ceded to [[David III of Tao]] in 979, recovered after David's death in 1000 and subordinated to the catepanate of Iberia. The town was destroyed by the Turks in 1049.<ref name="DOAKS4-148">{{Harvnb|McGeer|Nesbitt|Oikonomides|2001|p=148}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Kühn|1991|pp=64, 187–188}}</ref>
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Asmosaton]]'''<br>(Ἀσμόσατον)
| {{sort|938|c. 938}}
| Asmosaton
| A minor theme, it survived until conquered by the Turks in the 1050s.<ref name="DOAKS4-148"/><ref name="Armee63">{{harvnb|Kühn|1991|p=63}}</ref>
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Strymon (theme)|Boleron/Neos Strymon]]'''<br>(''thema Voleroù/Nèou Strymōnos'', Θέμα Βολεροῦ/Νέου Στρυμῶνος)
| {{sort|975|970s}}
| [[Serres]]
|
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Bulgaria (theme)|Bulgaria]]'''<br>(''thema Boulgarias'', Θέμα Βουλγαρίας)
| {{sort|1018|1018}}
| [[Skopje|Scupi]]
| established by Emperor Basil II after the victory over [[Samuel of Bulgaria]] and the fall of the First Bulgarian Empire in 1018. It was based on the wider regions of Skopje and Ohrid (modern North Macedonia and south Serbia).
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Calabria (theme)|Calabria]]'''<br>(''thema Kalavrias'', Θέμα Καλαβρίας)
| {{sort|950|c. 950}}
| [[Reggio Calabria|Rhegion]]
| Following the [[Muslim conquest of Sicily]], from 902 the [[Sicily (theme)|Theme of Sicily]] was limited to Calabria, but retained its original name until the middle of the 10th century
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Charpezikion]]'''<br>(Χαρπεζίκιον)
| {{sort|949|949}}
| Charpezikion
| A minor theme.<ref>{{harvnb|Kühn|1991|pp=58, 63}}</ref>
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Chavzizin]]'''<br>(Χαυζίζιον)
| {{sort|940|after 940}}
| Chavzizin
| A minor theme covering the area of the Bingöl Dağ mountains.<ref name="DOAKS4-149">{{Harvnb|McGeer|Nesbitt|Oikonomides|2001|p=149}}</ref>
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Chozanon]]'''<br>(Χόζανον)
| {{sort|956|before 956}}, possibly 948/952
| Chozanon
| An "Armenian theme".<ref name="Armee63"/><ref name="DOAKS4-150">{{Harvnb|McGeer|Nesbitt|Oikonomides|2001|p=150}}</ref>
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Theme of Cyprus|Cyprus]]'''<br>(''thema Kyprou'', Θέμα Κύπρου)
| 965
| [[Nicosia|Leukosia]]
| Byzantine-Arab [[Condominium (international law)|condominium]] from 688 until the definite Byzantine reconquest in 965.
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Derzene]]'''<br>(Δερζηνῆ)
| {{sort|948|948/952}}
| Chozanon
| A minor theme, the administration of Derzene was often entrusted to officials of the theme of Chaldia.<ref name="Armee63"/><ref>{{Harvnb|McGeer|Nesbitt|Oikonomides|2001|pp=150–152}}</ref>
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Edessa, Mesopotamia|Edessa]]'''<br>(''thema Edēssēs'', Θέμα Ἐδέσσης)
| {{sort|1032|1032}}
| [[Edessa, Mesopotamia|Edessa]]
| Captured by [[George Maniakes]] in 1032, it became seat of a ''strategos'', later a ''doux'', until conquered by the Turks in 1086.<ref>{{Harvnb|McGeer|Nesbitt|Oikonomides|2001|pp=162–164}}</ref>
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Euphrates Cities]]'''<br>(Παρευφρατίδαι Πόλεις)
| {{sort|1032|c. 1032}}
|
| Minor theme.<ref name="Armee64">{{harvnb|Kühn|1991|p=64}}</ref>
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Hexakomia]]''' or '''Hexapolis'''<br>(Ἑξακωμία/Ἑξάπολις)
| {{sort|975|970s}}
|
| Minor theme, its name means "[[Armenian Hexapolis|six villages/cities]]", a region between Lykandos and Melitene. It apparently was also an episcopal see.<ref name="Armee64"/><ref>{{Harvnb|McGeer|Nesbitt|Oikonomides|2001|pp=152–153}}</ref>
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Iberia (theme)|Iberia]]'''<br>(θέμα Ἰβηρίας)
| {{sort|1000|c. 1001}} or c. 1023
| Theodosiopolis
| Formed out of the territories of David III of [[Tao-Klarjeti|Tao]], which he bequeathed to Basil II. The date of establishment is disputed among scholars. United with [[Ani]] in 1045 and with Kars in 1064.<ref>{{Harvnb|McGeer|Nesbitt|Oikonomides|2001|pp=166–168}}</ref>
|- align="centre"
| '''Kama'''<br>(Κάμα)
| {{sort|975|970s}}
|
| Minor theme attested only in the ''Escorial Tactikon'', location uncertain.<ref name="Armee64"/><ref>{{Harvnb|McGeer|Nesbitt|Oikonomides|2001|pp=153–154}}</ref>
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Lucania (theme)|Lucania]]'''<br>(''thema Leukanias'', Θέμα Λευκανίας)
| {{sort|968|968}}
| [[Tursi]]
|
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Manzikert]]'''<br>(Ματζικέρτ)
| {{sort|1000|1000}}
| Manzikert
| Part of the territories inherited from David III of Tao, it was the seat of a ''strategos'', later probably a subordinate of the ''doux'' of Vaspurakan.<ref>{{Harvnb|McGeer|Nesbitt|Oikonomides|2001|p=156}}</ref>
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Melitene]]'''<br>(Μελιτηνή)
| {{sort|975|970s}}
| Melitene
| Became an imperial curatorship (''kouratoreia'') after conquered by [[John Kourkouas]] in 934.<ref>{{Harvnb|McGeer|Nesbitt|Oikonomides|2001|pp=156–160}}</ref>
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Paristrion]]/Paradounavon'''<br>(''thema Paristriou/Paradoùnavon'', Θέμα Παριστρίου/Παραδούναβον)
| {{sort|1020|1020}}
| [[Silistra|Dorostrolon]]
|
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Samosata]]'''<br>(Σαμόσατα)
| {{sort|958|958}}
| Samosata
| Became the seat of a ''strategos'' after the Byzantine conquest in 958.<ref>{{Harvnb|McGeer|Nesbitt|Oikonomides|2001|pp=160–161}}</ref>
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Theme of Sirmium|Sirmium]]'''<br>(''thema Sirmiou'', Θέμα Σιρμίου)
| {{sort|1018|1018}}
| Sirmium
| Established in 1018 at the northwestern part of the Bulgarian Empire ([[Syrmia]])
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Derende|Tarantas]]'''<br>(Τάραντας)
| {{sort|975|970s}}
| Tarantas
| Minor theme attested only in the ''Escorial Taktikon''.<ref name="Armee64"/><ref>{{Harvnb|McGeer|Nesbitt|Oikonomides|2001|p=161}}</ref>
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Taron (theme)|Taron]]'''<br>(Ταρών)
| {{sort|966|966/7}}
|
| A dependency of the Empire since the early 10th century, the region of [[Taron (historic Armenia)|Taron]] became a theme in 966/7 and remained a Byzantine province until lost to the Turks after Manzikert.<ref>{{Harvnb|McGeer|Nesbitt|Oikonomides|2001|pp=168–170}}</ref>
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Tephrike|Tephrike/Leontokome]]'''<sup>§</sup><br>(''thema Tephrikēs/Leontokōmēs'', Θέμα Τεφρικῆς/Λεωντοκώμης)
| {{sort|930s|934/944}}
| Tephrike
| Formed as a ''kleisoura'' after the Byzantine reconquest of the [[Paulician]] principality of [[Tephrike]], renamed Leontokome under [[Leo VI the Wise]], became a theme in the 930s.<ref>{{Harvnb|McGeer|Nesbitt|Oikonomides|2001|pp=161–162}}</ref>
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Theodosiopolis (Armenia)|Theodosiopolis]]'''<br>(Θεοδοσιούπολις)
| {{sort|949|949}}, again in 1000
| Theodosiopolis
| Formed as a theme after the Byzantine conquest in 949, ceded to David III of Tao in 979, recovered in 1000, it became the capital of the theme of Iberia.
|- align="centre"
| '''[[Vaasprakania]]'''<br>(Βαασπρακανία)
| {{sort|1021|1021/2}}
|
| Established when [[Seneqerim-Hovhannes of Vaspurakan|Seneqerim-Hovhannes]], [[king of Vaspurakan]], ceded his realm to the Empire. Governed by a ''doux''/''katepano'' at [[Van, Turkey|Van]], it lasted until overrun by the Turks after 1071.<ref>{{Harvnb|McGeer|Nesbitt|Oikonomides|2001|pp=170–171}}</ref>
|}