Editing Terbium (section)

== Safety ==
Terbium, along with many of the other rare earth elements, is poorly studied in terms of its [[toxicology]] and [[Environmental impacts of rare-earth mining|environmental impacts]]. Few health-based guidance values for safe exposure to terbium are available.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kowalczyk |first1=Ewelina |last2=Givelet |first2=Lucas |last3=Amlund |first3=Heidi |last4=Sloth |first4=Jens Jørgen |last5=Hansen |first5=Max |date=May 2022 |title=Risk assessment of rare earth elements, antimony, barium, boron, lithium, tellurium, thallium and vanadium in teas |journal=EFSA Journal |volume=20 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=e200410 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2022.e200410 |pmc=9131585 |pmid=35634564}}</ref> No values are established in the United States by the [[Occupational Safety and Health Administration]] or [[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists]] at which terbium exposure becomes hazardous, and it is not considered a hazardous substance under the [[Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2016 |title=Terbium Safety Data Sheet |url=https://www.ameslab.gov/sites/default/files/inline-files/65_Terbium_SDS.pdf |access-date=August 25, 2024 |website=Ames Laboratory, [[U. S. Department of Energy]]}}</ref> 

Reviews of the toxicity of the rare earth elements place terbium and its compounds as "of low to moderately toxicity", remarking on the lack of detailed studies on their hazards<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rim |first1=Kyung Taek |last2=Koo |first2=Kwon Ho |last3=Park |first3=Jung Sun |date=March 2013 |title=Toxicological Evaluations of Rare Earths and Their Health Impacts to Workers: A Literature Review |journal=Safety and Health at Work |language=en |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=12–26 |doi=10.5491/SHAW.2013.4.1.12 |pmc=3601293 |pmid=23516020}}</ref> and the lack of market demand forestalling evidence of toxicity.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Haibin |last2=Chen |first2=Zhibiao |last3=Chen |first3=Zhiqiang |last4=Ou |first4=Xiaolin |last5=Chen |first5=Junjia |date=May 2020 |title=Calculation of Toxicity Coefficient of Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Rare Earth Elements |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00128-020-02840-x |journal=Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology |language=en |volume=104 |issue=5 |pages=582–587 |doi=10.1007/s00128-020-02840-x |pmid=32296855 |bibcode=2020BuECT.104..582C |issn=0007-4861}}</ref>

Some studies demonstrate environmental accumulation of terbium as hazardous to fish and plants.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hanana |first1=Houda |last2=Taranu |first2=Zofia E. |last3=Turcotte |first3=Patrice |last4=Gagnon |first4=Christian |last5=Kowalczyk |first5=Joanna |last6=Gagné |first6=François |date=2021-07-10 |title=Sublethal effects of terbium and praseodymium in juvenile rainbow trout |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969721011098 |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=777 |pages=146042 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146042 |bibcode=2021ScTEn.77746042H |issn=0048-9697}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sturla Lompré |first1=Julieta |last2=Moleiro |first2=Pedro |last3=De Marchi |first3=Lucia |last4=Soares |first4=Amadeu M. V. M. |last5=Pretti |first5=Carlo |last6=Chielini |first6=Federica |last7=Pereira |first7=Eduarda |last8=Freitas |first8=Rosa |date=2021-08-25 |title=Bioaccumulation and ecotoxicological responses of clams exposed to terbium and carbon nanotubes: Comparison between native (Ruditapes decussatus) and invasive (Ruditapes philippinarum) species |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0048969721019847 |journal=Science of the Total Environment |volume=784 |pages=146914 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146914 |pmid=33901954 |bibcode=2021ScTEn.78446914S |issn=0048-9697}}</ref> High exposures of terbium may enhance the toxicity of other substances causing [[endocytosis]] in [[Plant cell|plant cells]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cheng |first1=Mengzhu |last2=Zhou |first2=Qing |last3=Wang |first3=Lihong |last4=Jiao |first4=Yunlong |last5=Liu |first5=Yongqiang |last6=Tan |first6=Li |last7=Zhu |first7=Hong |last8=Nagawa |first8=Shingo |last9=Wei |first9=Haiyan |last10=Yang |first10=Zhenbiao |last11=Yang |first11=Qing |last12=Huang |first12=Xiaohua |date=2022-01-05 |title=A new mechanism by which environmental hazardous substances enhance their toxicities to plants |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304389421017696 |journal=Journal of Hazardous Materials |volume=421 |pages=126802 |doi=10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126802 |pmid=34396977 |bibcode=2022JHzM..42126802C |issn=0304-3894}}</ref>