Editing Terah (section)

===In Shi'ism===
====Terah as Abraham's father====
There is a consensus among [[Shia Islam|Shia Muslim]] scholars and exegetes that Azar was not the biological father of Abraham but rather his paternal uncle while Terah is believed to be his father. [[Shaykh Tusi]] maintained that Azar was not Abraham's father and cited a hadith from [[Muhammad]] according to which none of the prophet's ancestors up to [[Adam in Islam|Adam]] were polytheists.<ref>Ṭūsī, al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān, vol. 4, p. 175</ref> By this he argued that since Azar was an idolater and Abraham was one of the prophet's ancestors, it is not possible for Azar to be Abraham's father. According to [[Grand Ayatollah]] [[Naser Makarem Shirazi]] in [[Tafsir Nemooneh]], all Shiite exegetes and scholars believe that Azar was not Abraham's father.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, Tafsīr-i nimūna, vol. 5, p. 303.</ref> [[Allamah Tabatabai]] in his [[Tafsir al-Mizan]] appealed to the Quranic verses in which Abraham prayed for his parents, that they show that his father was someone other than Azar.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, al-Mīzān, vol. 7, p. 261</ref> In [[Dua]] Umm Dawood, a supplication recited by Shi'ite Muslims cited to be from [[Imamah (Shia)|Imam]] [[Ja'far al-Sadiq]], the supplicant sends blessings on a person by the name of 'Turakh'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.duas.org/ummedawoodline.htm#Who_was_Umm_D%C4%81w%C5%ABd_|title=Aamal e Umme Dawood|website=www.duas.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wilayatmission.org/Duas/UmmDawood.pdf|title=Wilayat Mission}}</ref> In ''[[Nahj al-Balagha]]'', [[Imam Ali]] is reported to have said in a sermon, "I testify that Muhammad is His servant and messenger, and the chief of His creation; whenever Allah divided the line of descent, He put him in the better one.."<ref>Nahj Al-Balagha, Sermon 214</ref> Likewise, in ''Ziyarat Arbaeen'', a recitation with which Shiite Muslims pay respect to [[Imam Husayn]], it is recited "I bear witness that you were a light in the sublime loins and purified wombs..",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.duas.org/mobile/ziyarat-arbaeen.html|title=Ziyarat Arbaeen - Duas.org|website=www.duas.org}}</ref> through which it is believed that none of his ancestors up to Adam were impure, which includes Muhammad, Imam Ali and [[Shia view of Fatimah|Lady Fatimah]] and hence including Abraham's biological father.

The [[Twelver]] [[Shia Islam|Shi'ite]] website ''[[Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project|Al-Islam.org]]'' treats Azar as being Abraham's uncle, not his biological father.<ref name="ABDILP">{{cite web |publisher=[[Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project]] |title=Was Azar the Father of Prophet Abraham? |url=https://www.al-islam.org/shiite-encyclopedia-ahlul-bayt-dilp-team/was-azar-father-prophet-abraham |website=Al-Islam.org |date=12 November 2013 |access-date=2017-09-12 |language=en}}</ref> To justify this view, it references a passage of the Quran, which mentions that the sons of [[Jacob in Islam|Yaʿqūb]] (Jacob) referred to his uncle [[Ishmael in Islam|Ismāʿīl]] (Ishmael), father [[Isaac in Islam|Is-ḥāq]] (Isaac) and grandfather [[Abraham in Islam|Ibrāhīm]] (Abraham) as his ''ābāʾ'' ({{langx|ar|آبَـاء}}):<ref name="qref|2|124-141">{{qref|2|124-141|b=y}}</ref>

{{blockquote|Were you there to see when death came upon Ya'qub? When he said to his sons, "What will you worship after I am gone?" they replied, "We shall worship your God and the God of your ''abaʾ'', Ibrahim, Isma'il, and Is-haq, one single God: we devote ourselves to Him."|Qur'an, [[Al-Baqara|2]]:133<ref name="qref|2|124-141" />}}

Therefore, the singular word ''ab'' does not always mean progenitor, and can be used for an  uncle or caretaker or a forefather, unlike the word ''wālid'' ({{langx|ar|وَالِـد}}, progenitor). Thus, ''Al-Islam.org'' denies that Abraham's biological father was 'Azar', and instead agreed with [[Ibn Kathir]] that he was the biblical figure 'Terah',<ref name="ABDILP" /> who nevertheless treated him as a polytheist.<ref name="Ibn Kathir, QAN">[[Stories of the Prophets (Ibn Kathir)|Stories of the Prophets]], [[Ibn Kathir]], ''Abraham and his father''</ref>

====As Abraham's uncle====
In contrast to ''Al-Islam.org'',<ref name="ABDILP"/> Shi'ite scholar and jurist [[Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi]] believed{{when|date=March 2020}} Terah to be the uncle of Abraham, not his father.<ref name="Modarresi 12-2017">{{cite book |author=Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi |author-link1=Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi |title=The Laws of Islam |date=26 March 2016 |publisher=Enlight Press |isbn=978-0-9942-4098-9 |url=http://almodarresi.com/en/books/pdf/TheLawsofIslam.pdf |access-date=22 December 2017 |ref=Modarresi |language=en |archive-date=2 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802163247/http://almodarresi.com/en/books/pdf/TheLawsofIslam.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{rp|15}}