Editing Tasmania (section)

==Geography==
{{Main|Geography of Tasmania}}
{{cleanup split|Geography of Tasmania|date=October 2022}}
[[File:Topography of Tasmania.jpg|thumb|Topography of Tasmania]]
Tasmania, the largest island of Australia, has a landmass of {{convert|68401|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and is located directly in the pathway of the notorious "[[Roaring Forties]]" wind that encircles the globe. To its north, it is separated from mainland Australia by [[Bass Strait]]. Tasmania is the only Australian state that is not located on the Australian mainland. About {{convert|2500|km|nmi|abbr=off}} south of Tasmania island lies the [[George V Coast]] of [[Antarctica]]. Depending on which [[borders of the oceans]] are used, the island can be said to be either surrounded by the Southern Ocean, or to have the Pacific on its east and the Indian to its west. Still other definitions of the ocean boundaries would have Tasmania with the [[Great Australian Bight]] to the west, and the [[Tasman Sea]] to the east. The southernmost point on mainland Tasmania is approximately {{coord|43|38|37|S|146|49|38|E}} at [[South East Cape]], and the northernmost point on mainland Tasmania is approximately {{coord|40|38|26|S|144|43|33|E}} in [[Woolnorth / Temdudheker, Tasmania|Woolnorth / Temdudheker]] near [[Cape Grim/Kennaook|Cape Grim / Kennaook]]. Tasmania lies at similar latitudes to [[South Island|Te Waipounamu / South Island]] of New Zealand and parts of [[Patagonia]] in South America. Areas at equivalent latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere include [[Hokkaido]] in Japan, [[Northeast China]] ([[Manchuria]]), [[Central Italy]], and United States cities such as [[New York City|New York]] and [[Chicago]]. 
[[File:Mortimer Bay-3.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.25|Due to Tasmania's proximity to the [[south magnetic pole]] towards [[Antarctica]], the [[Aurora|''Aurora australis'']] can sometimes be seen.]]
The most mountainous region is the [[Central Highlands (Tasmania)|Central Highlands]] area, which covers most of the central western parts of the state. The [[Midlands (Tasmania)|Midlands]] located in the central east, is fairly flat, and is predominantly used for agriculture, although farming activity is scattered throughout the state. Tasmania's tallest mountain is [[Mount Ossa (Tasmania)|Mount Ossa]] at {{convert|1617|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tourtasmania.com/content.php?id=ossa |title=Mt. Ossa, Tasmania |last1=Ridge |first1=Justin |work=The Interactive Tour of Tasmania |access-date=26 August 2011 |archive-date=9 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809045630/http://tourtasmania.com/content.php?id=ossa |url-status=live }}</ref> Much of Tasmania is still densely forested, with the [[Southwest National Park]] and neighbouring areas holding some of the last temperate rain forests in the [[Southern Hemisphere]]. The [[Tarkine]], containing [[Savage River National Park]] located in the island's far north west, is the largest [[temperate rainforest]] area in Australia covering about {{convert|3800|km2|sqmi}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://discoverthetarkine.com.au/the-tarkine/|title=The Tarkine|access-date=1 June 2021|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214905/https://discoverthetarkine.com.au/the-tarkine/|url-status=live}}</ref> With its rugged topography, Tasmania has a great number of rivers. Several of Tasmania's largest rivers have been dammed at some point to provide [[hydroelectricity]]. Many rivers begin in the Central Highlands and flow out to the coast. Tasmania's major population centres are mainly situated around [[estuaries]] (some of which are named rivers).

Tasmania is in the shape of a downward-facing triangle, likened to a shield, heart, or face. It consists of the main island as well as at least a thousand neighbouring islands within the state's jurisdiction. The largest of these are [[Flinders Island]] in the [[Furneaux Group]] of [[Bass Strait]], [[King Island (Tasmania)|King Island]] in the west of Bass Strait, [[Cape Barren Island]] south of Flinders Island, [[Bruny Island]] separated from Tasmania by the [[D'Entrecasteaux Channel]], [[Macquarie Island]] 1,500&nbsp;km from Tasmania, and [[Maria Island]] off the east coast. 
Tasmania features a number of separated and continuous mountain ranges. The majority of the state is defined by a significant [[Diabase|dolerite]] exposure, though the [[Western Tasmania|western half]] of the state is older and more rugged, featuring [[buttongrass]] plains, temperate rainforests, and [[quartzite]] ranges, notably [[Federation Peak]] and [[Frenchmans Cap]]. The presence of these mountain ranges is a primary factor in the [[Rain shadow|rain shadow effect]], where the western half receives the majority of rainfall, which also influences the types of vegetation that can grow. The Central Highlands feature a large plateau which forms a number of ranges and escarpments on its north side, tapering off along the south, and radiating into the highest mountain ranges in the west. At the north-west of this, another plateau radiates into a system of hills where [[Tarkine|takayna / Tarkine]] is located.

The [[Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia| Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA)]] divides Tasmania into 9 bioregions:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/science/bioregion-framework/ibra/index.html|title=Australia's bioregions (IBRA)|work=Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities|publisher=[[Commonwealth of Australia]]|year=2012|access-date=1 September 2021|archive-date=16 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016124642/http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/science/bioregion-framework/ibra/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> 
[[Ben Lomond bioregion|Ben Lomond]], [[Furneaux bioregion|Furneaux]], [[King bioregion|King]], [[Tasmanian Central Highlands|Central Highlands]], [[Tasmanian Northern Midlands|Northern Midlands]], [[Tasmanian Northern Slopes|Northern Slopes]], [[Tasmanian Southern Ranges|Southern Ranges]], [[Tasmanian South East|South East]], and [[Tasmanian West|West]].

{{Wide image|Wineglass Bay seen from Mount Amos at Freycinet National Park (Tasmania).jpg|850px|[[Wineglass Bay]] seen from Mount Amos at [[Freycinet National Park]]}}

[[File:TAS 04-08-20.jpg|thumb|Satellite image showing snow covering Tasmania's highlands, August 2020]]

Tasmania's environment consistes of many different biomes or communities across its different regions. It is the most forested state in Australia, and preserves the country's largest areas of [[temperate rainforest]]. A distinctive type of [[moorland]] found across the west, and particularly south-west of Tasmania, are [[buttongrass]] plains, which are speculated to have been expanded by [[Tasmanian Aboriginal]] [[Fire-stick farming|burning practices]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mystery still surrounds origin of iconic button grass plains |url=https://www.utas.edu.au/communications/general-news/all-news/mystery-still-surrounds-origin-of-iconic-button-grass-plains |website=University of Tasmania |access-date=5 September 2021 |archive-date=5 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905000317/https://www.utas.edu.au/communications/general-news/all-news/mystery-still-surrounds-origin-of-iconic-button-grass-plains |url-status=live }}</ref> Tasmania also features a diverse [[Alpine plant|alpine garden]] [[Alpine vegetation of Tasmania|environment]], such as [[Tasmanian cushion plants|cushion plant]]. Highland areas receive consistent [[snow]]fall above ~1,000 metres every year, and due to cold air from [[Antarctica]], this level often reaches 800 m, and more occasionally 600 or 400 metres. Every five or so years, snow can form at sea level.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=M. C. |title=Climatology of cold outbreaks with snow over Tasmania |journal=Australian Meteorology Magazine |date=2003 |volume=3 |issue=52 |pages=157–169 |citeseerx=10.1.1.223.253 }}</ref> This environment gives rise to the [[cypress]] forests of the [[Central Highlands (Tasmania)|Central Plateau]] and mountainous highlands. In particular, the [[Walls of Jerusalem National Park|Walls of Jerusalem]] with large areas of rare [[Athrotaxis cupressoides|pencil pine]], and its closest relative [[Athrotaxis selaginoides|King Billy pine]]. On the [[West Coast Range]] and partially on [[Mount Field National Park|Mount Field]], Australia's only winter-[[deciduous]] plant, [[Nothofagus gunnii|deciduous beech]] is found, which forms a carpet or [[krummholz]], or very rarely a 4-metre tree.<ref>{{cite web |title=BUREAU OF BIODIVERSITY AWARENESSFEATURE ARTICLEISSUE ONEMAGAZINE The Last Deciduous Tree in Tasmania |url=https://tasmaniangeographic.com/the-last-deciduous-tree/ |website=Tasmanian Geographic |date=August 2013 |access-date=4 September 2021 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904232008/https://tasmaniangeographic.com/the-last-deciduous-tree/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Tasmania features a high concentration of [[waterfalls]]. These can be found in small creeks, alpine [[streams]], [[Rapids|rapid]] [[rivers]], or off precipitous plunges. Some of the tallest waterfalls are found on mountain [[massifs]], sometimes at a 200-metre cascade. The most famous and most visited waterfall in Tasmania is [[Russell Falls]] in [[Mount Field National Park|Mount Field]] due to its proximity to [[Hobart]] and stepped falls at a total height of 58 metres.<ref>{{cite web |title=Russell Falls |url=https://waterfallsoftasmania.com.au/waterfalls/russell_falls |website=Waterfalls of Tasmania |date=2 August 2020 |access-date=4 September 2021 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904232007/https://waterfallsoftasmania.com.au/waterfalls/russell_falls |url-status=live }}</ref> 
Tasmania also has a large number of [[beaches]], the longest of which is [[Ocean Beach (Tasmania)|Ocean Beach]] on the [[West Coast, Tasmania|West Coast]] at about 40 kilometres.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ocean Beach |url=https://westcoasttas.com.au/listings/ocean-beach |website=West Coast Tasmania |access-date=4 September 2021 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904231956/https://westcoasttas.com.au/listings/ocean-beach |url-status=live }}</ref> Wineglass Bay in [[Freycinet National Park|Freycinet]] on the east coast is a well-known [[landmark]] of the state.

The [[Tasmanian temperate rainforests]] cover a few different types. These are also considered distinct from the more common wet [[sclerophyll]] forests, though these [[Eucalyptus|eucalypt]] forests often form with [[rainforest]] [[understorey]] and [[ferns]] (such as [[Man fern|tree-ferns]]) are usually never absent. Rainforest found in deep [[Gully|gullies]] are usually difficult to traverse due to dense understorey growth, such as from [[Anodopetalum biglandulosum|horizontal (''Anodopetalum biglandulosum'')]]. Higher-elevation forests (~500 to 800 m) have smaller ground vegetation and are thus easier to walk in. The most common rainforests usually have a 50-metre<ref>{{cite web |title=Nothofagus cunninghamii – Hook.&Oerst. |url=https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Nothofagus+cunninghamii |website=Plants For a Future (PFAF) |access-date=4 September 2021 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904231954/https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Nothofagus+cunninghamii |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Canopy (biology)|canopy]] and are varied by environmental factors. Emergent growth usually comes from [[Eucalyptus regnans|eucalyptus]], which can tower another 50 metres higher (usually less), providing the most common choice of nesting for giant [[Tasmanian wedge-tailed eagle|wedge-tailed eagles]].

The human environment ranges from urban or industrial development to farming or grazing land. The most cultivated area is the [[Midlands (Tasmania)|Midlands]], where it has suitable soil but is also the driest part of the state.

Tasmania's [[Wiktionary:insular#Adjective|insularity]] was possibly detected by Captain [[Abel Tasman]] when he charted Tasmania's coast in 1642. On 5 December, Tasman was following the [[East Coast of Australia|east coast]] northward to see how far it went. When the land veered to the north-west at [[Eddystone Point]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schilder |first1=Günter |title=Australia unveiled : the share of the Dutch navigators in the discovery of Australia |date=1976 |publisher=Theatrum Orbis Terrarum Ltd. |location=Amsterdam |isbn=978-9022199978 |page=170}}</ref> he tried to keep in with it but his ships were suddenly hit by the [[Roaring Forties]] howling through [[Bass Strait]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Valentyn |first1=Francois |title=Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien |date=1724–1726 |publisher=J. van Braam |location=Dordrecht |isbn=9789051942347 |page=vol.3, p.47}}</ref> Tasman was on a mission to find the [[Terra Australis|Southern Continent]], not more islands, so he abruptly turned away to the east and continued his continent-hunting.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cameron-Ash |first1=M. |title=Lying for the Admiralty |date=2018 |publisher=Rosenberg |location=Sydney |isbn=9780648043966 |page=105}}</ref>

The next European to enter the strait was Captain [[James Cook]] on [[HMS Endeavour|HMS ''Endeavour'']] in April 1770. However, after sailing for two hours westward into the strait against the wind, he turned back east and noted in his journal that he was "doubtful whether they [i.e. Van Diemen's Land and New Holland] are one land or no".<ref>{{cite web|last=Cook|first=James|date=19 April 1770|title=Cook's Journal: Daily Entries|url=http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/cook/17700419.html|access-date=18 October 2020|website=National Library of Australia, South Seas Collection|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307215621/http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/cook/17700419.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The strait was named after George Bass, after he and Matthew Flinders passed through it while circumnavigating Van Diemen's Land in the ''Norfolk'' in 1798–99. At Flinders' recommendation, the Governor of New South Wales, John Hunter, in 1800 named the stretch of water between the mainland and Van Diemen's Land "Bass's Straits".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Flinders|first=Matthew|title=A Voyage to Terra Australis|year=1814}}</ref> Later it became known as Bass Strait.

The existence of the strait had been suggested in 1797 by the master of Sydney Cove when he reached Sydney after deliberately grounding his foundering ship and being stranded on Preservation Island (at the eastern end of the strait). He reported that the strong south westerly swell and the tides and currents suggested that the island was in a channel linking the Pacific and southern Indian Ocean. Governor Hunter thus wrote to Joseph Banks in August 1797 that it seemed certain a strait existed.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Blainey|first=Geoffrey|title=Tyranny of Distance: How Distance Shaped Australia's History.|publisher=Sun Books|year=1966|location=Melbourne|pages=73–74}}</ref>

===Climate===
{{See also|Climate of Tasmania}}
[[File:CradleMountainTas.jpg|thumb|Snow on [[Cradle Mountain]]]]
[[File:Tasmania Köppen.svg|thumb|left|The Köppen climate classifications of Tasmania]]

Tasmania has a relatively cool temperate climate compared to the rest of Australia, spared from the hot summers of the mainland and experiencing four distinct seasons.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.discovertasmania.com.au/about/climate-and-weather | title = Climate and weather | author = Discover Tasmania | work = Writer for Discover Tasmania | publisher = Discover Tasmania | location = Tasmania, Australia | access-date = 27 October 2016 | archive-date = 30 October 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161030171403/http://www.discovertasmania.com.au/about/climate-and-weather | url-status = live }}</ref> Summer is from December to February when the average maximum sea temperature is {{convert|21|°C|°F}} and inland areas around Launceston reach {{convert|24|°C|°F}}. Other inland areas are much cooler, with [[Liawenee]], located on the Central Plateau, one of the coldest places in Australia, ranging between {{convert|4|and|17|°C|°F}} in February. Autumn is from March to May, with mostly settled weather, as summer patterns gradually take on the shape of winter patterns.<ref>{{cite news|title=Climate of Launceston |work=Australian BOM |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/tas/launceston/climate.shtml |access-date=1 January 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222154659/http://www.bom.gov.au/weather/tas/launceston/climate.shtml |archive-date=22 February 2009 }}</ref> The winter months are from June to August and are generally the wettest and coldest months in the state, with most high lying areas receiving considerable snowfall. Winter maximums are {{convert|12|°C|°F}} on average along coastal areas and {{convert|3|°C|°F}} on the central plateau, as a result of a series of cold fronts from the [[Southern Ocean]]. Inland areas receive regular freezes throughout the winter months. Spring is from September to November, and is an unsettled season of transition, where winter weather patterns begin to take the shape of summer patterns, although snowfall is still common up until October. Spring is generally the windiest time of the year with afternoon sea breezes starting to take effect on the coast.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!City/town
!Mean min. temp °C
!Mean max. temp °C
!No. clear days
!Rainfall (mm)
|-
|[[Hobart]]
|align=center | 8.3 || align=center | 16.9|| align=center | 41 || align=center | 616<ref name="hobartclimate">{{cite web|title=Hobart Climate Statistics|publisher=Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_094030.shtml|access-date=1 January 2009|archive-date=2 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802051730/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_094030.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Launceston, Tasmania|Launceston]]
|align=center | 7.0 || align=center | 18.3|| align=center | 50 || align=center | 666<ref name="launcestonclimate">{{cite web|title=Launceston Climate Statistics|publisher=Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_091049.shtml|access-date=14 May 2021|archive-date=13 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513185349/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_091049.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Devonport, Tasmania|Devonport]]
|align=center | 8.0 || align=center | 16.8|| align=center | 61 || align=center | 778<ref name="devonportclimate">{{cite web|title=Devonport Climate Statistics|publisher=Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_091111.shtml|access-date=14 May 2021|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514015120/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_091111.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Strahan, Tasmania|Strahan]]
|align=center | 7.9 || align=center | 16.5|| align=center | 41 || align=center | 1,458<ref name="strahanclimate">{{cite web|title=Strahan Climate Statistics|publisher=Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_097072.shtml|access-date=1 January 2009|archive-date=23 November 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041123035433/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_097072.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

{{Weather box
| location = [[Hobart]] ([[Battery Point, Tasmania|Battery Point]])
| collapsed = yes
| width = auto
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 41.8
| Feb record high C = 40.1
| Mar record high C = 39.1
| Apr record high C = 31.0
| May record high C = 25.7
| Jun record high C = 20.6
| Jul record high C = 22.1
| Aug record high C = 24.5
| Sep record high C = 31.0
| Oct record high C = 34.6
| Nov record high C = 36.8
| Dec record high C = 40.6
| Jan high C = 22.7
| Feb high C = 22.2
| Mar high C = 20.7
| Apr high C = 17.9
| May high C = 15.3
| Jun high C = 12.7
| Jul high C = 12.6
| Aug high C = 13.7
| Sep high C = 15.7
| Oct high C = 17.6
| Nov high C = 19.1
| Dec high C = 21.0
| year high C = 17.6
| Jan low C = 13.0
| Feb low C = 12.8
| Mar low C = 11.6
| Apr low C = 9.4
| May low C = 7.6
| Jun low C = 5.5
| Jul low C = 5.2
| Aug low C = 5.6
| Sep low C = 6.9
| Oct low C = 8.3
| Nov low C = 10.0
| Dec low C = 11.6
| year low C = 9.0
| Jan record low C = 3.3
| Feb record low C = 3.4
| Mar record low C = 1.8
| Apr record low C = 0.7
| May record low C = −1.6
| Jun record low C = −2.8
| Jul record low C = −2.8
| Aug record low C = −1.8
| Sep record low C = −0.8
| Oct record low C = 0.0
| Nov record low C = 0.3
| Dec record low C = 3.3
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 43.7
| Feb rain mm = 37.8
| Mar rain mm = 37.0
| Apr rain mm = 42.6
| May rain mm = 39.2
| Jun rain mm = 46.0
| Jul rain mm = 44.5
| Aug rain mm = 63.0
| Sep rain mm = 55.6
| Oct rain mm = 52.8
| Nov rain mm = 50.7
| Dec rain mm = 53.0
| year rain mm = 565.9
| unit rain days= 0.2 mm
| Jan rain days = 9.5
| Feb rain days = 9.1
| Mar rain days = 11.3
| Apr rain days = 11.1
| May rain days = 12.0
| Jun rain days = 12.4
| Jul rain days = 14.1
| Aug rain days = 15.3
| Sep rain days = 15.7
| Oct rain days = 15.0
| Nov rain days = 13.5
| Dec rain days = 11.7
| year rain days = 150.7
| humidity colour = green
| Jan afthumidity = 51
| Feb afthumidity = 52
| Mar afthumidity = 52
| Apr afthumidity = 56
| May afthumidity = 58
| Jun afthumidity = 64
| Jul afthumidity = 61
| Aug afthumidity = 56
| Sep afthumidity = 53
| Oct afthumidity = 51
| Nov afthumidity = 53
| Dec afthumidity = 49
| year humidity = 55
| Jan sun = 257.3
| Feb sun = 226.0
| Mar sun = 210.8
| Apr sun = 177.0
| May sun = 148.8
| Jun sun = 132.0
| Jul sun = 151.9
| Aug sun = 179.8
| Sep sun = 195.0
| Oct sun = 232.5
| Nov sun = 234.0
| Dec sun = 248.0
| year sun = 2393.1
| Jan percentsun= 59
| Feb percentsun= 62
| Mar percentsun= 57
| Apr percentsun= 59
| May percentsun= 53
| Jun percentsun= 49
| Jul percentsun= 53
| Aug percentsun= 58
| Sep percentsun= 59
| Oct percentsun= 58
| Nov percentsun= 56
| Dec percentsun= 53
| source 1 = [[Bureau of Meteorology]] (1991–2020 averages;<ref name="BoM2">{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=094029&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1991-2020&tablesizebutt=large|title=Climate Statistics: Hobart (Ellerslie Road 1991–2020 normals)|publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]]|access-date=30 June 2017|archive-date=29 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329082113/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=094029&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1991-2020&tablesizebutt=large|url-status=live}}</ref> extremes 1882–present)<ref name="BoM1">{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_094029_All.shtml |title=Climate statistics: Hobart (Ellerslie Road) |publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]] |access-date=30 June 2017 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107070355/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_094029_All.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/wData/wdata?p_nccObsCode=40&p_display_type=dataFile&p_stn_num=094029|title=Highest Temperature – 094029|publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]]|access-date=22 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201143325/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/wData/wdata?p_nccObsCode=40&p_display_type=dataFile&p_stn_num=094029|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/wData/wdata?p_nccObsCode=43&p_display_type=dataFile&p_stn_num=094029|title=Lowest Temperature – 094029|publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]]|access-date=22 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201195537/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/wData/wdata?p_nccObsCode=43&p_display_type=dataFile&p_stn_num=094029|url-status=live}}</ref>
| source 2= [[Bureau of Meteorology]], [[Hobart Airport]] (sunshine hours)<ref name="BoMAirport">{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=094008&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=statistics_summary&normals_years=1981-2010&tablesizebutt=normal |title=Climate statistics: Hobart Airport |publisher=[[Bureau of Meteorology]] |access-date=21 October 2017 |archive-date=28 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328152724/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=094008&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=statistics_summary&normals_years=1981-2010&tablesizebutt=normal |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
{{Weather box
|location = [[Launceston, Tasmania|Launceston]] (Ti Tree Bend)
|collapsed = yes
|width = auto
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 39.0
|Feb record high C = 34.4
|Mar record high C = 33.0
|Apr record high C = 27.7
|May record high C = 22.0
|Jun record high C = 18.4
|Jul record high C = 18.4
|Aug record high C = 20.3
|Sep record high C = 24.8
|Oct record high C = 28.7
|Nov record high C = 30.7
|Dec record high C = 33.8
|year record high C = 39.0
|Jan high C = 24.8
|Feb high C = 24.6
|Mar high C = 22.7
|Apr high C = 18.9
|May high C = 15.8
|Jun high C = 13.3
|Jul high C = 12.8
|Aug high C = 13.8
|Sep high C = 15.7
|Oct high C = 18.2
|Nov high C = 20.5
|Dec high C = 22.7
|year high C = 18.7
|Jan low C = 12.6
|Feb low C = 12.5
|Mar low C = 10.3
|Apr low C = 7.5
|May low C = 5.0
|Jun low C = 2.9
|Jul low C = 2.5
|Aug low C = 3.5
|Sep low C = 5.2
|Oct low C = 7.0
|Nov low C = 9.1
|Dec low C = 10.9
|year low C = 7.4
|Jan record low C = 2.5
|Feb record low C = 3.4
|Mar record low C = 0.5
|Apr record low C = −1.5
|May record low C = −3.0
|Jun record low C = −4.9
|Jul record low C = −5.2
|Aug record low C = −3.6
|Sep record low C = −3.4
|Oct record low C = −1.4
|Nov record low C = -2.0
|Dec record low C = 2.0
|year record low C = −5.2
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 51.5
|Feb rain mm = 35.2
|Mar rain mm = 38.8
|Apr rain mm = 51.0
|May rain mm = 63.1
|Jun rain mm = 66.9
|Jul rain mm = 78.3
|Aug rain mm = 83.8
|Sep rain mm = 65.5
|Oct rain mm = 48.0
|Nov rain mm = 52.9
|Dec rain mm = 45.8
|year rain mm = 680.8
|Jan rain days = 4.8
|Feb rain days = 4.6
|Mar rain days = 4.4
|Apr rain days = 6.5
|May rain days = 7.6
|Jun rain days = 8.3
|Jul rain days = 9.7
|Aug rain days = 10.9
|Sep rain days = 10.0
|Oct rain days = 7.5
|Nov rain days = 7.0
|Dec rain days = 5.8
|year rain days = 87.1
|unit rain days = 1 mm
|humidity colour = green
|Jan afthumidity = 48
|Feb afthumidity = 49
|Mar afthumidity = 48
|Apr afthumidity = 56
|May afthumidity = 63
|Jun afthumidity = 69
|Jul afthumidity = 69
|Aug afthumidity = 63
|Sep afthumidity = 59
|Oct afthumidity = 54
|Nov afthumidity = 52
|Dec afthumidity = 49
|year humidity = 57
|Jan sun = 285.2
|Feb sun = 256.9
|Mar sun = 241.8
|Apr sun = 198.0
|May sun = 155.0
|Jun sun = 135.0
|Jul sun = 142.6
|Aug sun = 170.5
|Sep sun = 201.0
|Oct sun = 254.2
|Nov sun = 267.0
|Dec sun = 282.1
|year sun = 2589.3
|source 1 = [[Bureau of Meteorology]] (1991–2020 averages;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=091237&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1981-2010&tablesizebutt=normal |title=Climate Statistics for Launceston |access-date=28 October 2017 |publisher=Bureau of Meteorology |archive-date=15 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315103649/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=091237&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1981-2010&tablesizebutt=normal |url-status=live }}</ref> extremes 1980–present)<ref name="pogoda">{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_091237_All.shtml |title=Climate Statistics for Launceston |access-date=5 November 2016 |publisher=Bureau of Meteorology |work=Australian Government |archive-date=6 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106205653/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_091237_All.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
|source 2   =Bureau of Meteorology, [[Launceston Airport]] (1981–2004 sunshine hours)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=091104&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=statistics_summary&normals_years=1981-2010&tablesizebutt=normal |title=Climate Statistics for Launceston |access-date=5 November 2016 |publisher=Bureau of Meteorology |work=Australian Government |archive-date=15 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315103507/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=091104&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=statistics_summary&normals_years=1981-2010&tablesizebutt=normal |url-status=live }}</ref>
|date=November 2016
}}

=== Biodiversity ===
{{Main|Ecology of Tasmania}}
[[File:Hellyer Gorge, Tasmania.jpg|thumb|[[Fern]]s in [[Hellyer Gorge]], to the northeast of [[Savage River National Park]]]]
[[File:Sarcophilus harrisii taranna.jpg|thumb|The [[Tasmanian Devil]], Tasmania's state animal emblem]]

Geographically and biological isolated, Tasmania is known for its unique [[endemic]] flora and fauna.

==== Flora ====
Tasmania has [[biodiversity|extremely diverse]] vegetation, from the heavily grazed grassland of the dry Midlands to the tall evergreen [[eucalypt]] forest, [[alpine climate|alpine]] heathlands and large areas of cool [[temperate rain forest|temperate rainforests]] and moorlands in the rest of the state. Many species are unique to Tasmania, and some are related to species in South America and New Zealand through ancestors which grew on the supercontinent of [[Gondwana]], 50&nbsp;million years ago. ''[[Nothofagus gunnii]]'', commonly known as Australian beech, is Australia's only temperate native deciduous tree and is found exclusively in Tasmania.<ref>{{Cite news|date=6 March 2016|title=Why don't we have more native deciduous trees in Australia?|language=en-AU|work=ABC News|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2016-03-07/deciduous-trees-in-australia/7200608|access-date=10 January 2022|archive-date=13 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113093139/https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2016-03-07/deciduous-trees-in-australia/7200608|url-status=live}}</ref>

Distinctive species of plant in Tasmania include:
* [[Eucalyptus regnans|''Eucalyptus regnans'' (mountain ash)]] – the [[List of superlative trees|tallest]] flowering plant and hardwood in the world, [[Centurion (tree)|reaching 100 m]] (328&nbsp;ft).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tall tree Centurion passes 100-metre mark, creating milestone for Tasmanian wilderness |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-12-12/new-milestone-for-australias-tallest-tree-centurion/10604588 |website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=11 December 2018 |access-date=31 August 2021 |archive-date=14 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514010002/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-12-12/new-milestone-for-australias-tallest-tree-centurion/10604588 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Nothofagus cunninghamii|''Nothofagus cunninghamii'' (myrtle beech)]] – the most abundant temperate rainforest canopy species found in Tasmania.
* [[Nothofagus gunnii|''Nothofagus gunnii'' (deciduous beech)]] – Australia's only winter-deciduous tree.
* [[Atherosperma moschatum|''Atherosperma moschatum'' (blackheart sassafras)]] – a co-dominant rainforest tree with a nutmeg aroma.
* [[Lagarostrobos franklinii|''Lagarostrobos franklinii'' (Huon pine)]] – one of the oldest-lived tree species, and a self-preserving timber. 
* [[Phyllocladus aspleniifolius|''Phyllocladus aspleniifolius'' (celery-top pine)]] – a celery-leaved conifer found in rainforests.
* [[Athrotaxis|Athrotaxis (Tasmanian cedar/redwood)]] – a genus comprising three extant species related to [[Sequoiadendron|sequoia]] found in Tasmania.<ref>{{cite web |title=Athrotaxis |url=https://treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/athrotaxis/ |website=Trees and Shrubs Online |access-date=31 August 2021 |archive-date=31 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831053330/https://treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/athrotaxis/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Eucryphia lucida|''Eucryphia lucida'' (leatherwood)]] – a prominent floral symbol of Tasmania and a unique [[monofloral honey]] species.<ref>{{cite web |title=Leatherwood Honey |url=https://www.fondazioneslowfood.com/en/ark-of-taste-slow-food/leatherwood-honey/ |website=Slow Food Foundation |access-date=31 August 2021 |archive-date=31 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831090909/https://www.fondazioneslowfood.com/en/ark-of-taste-slow-food/leatherwood-honey/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===== Bush tucker =====
{{See also|Bush tucker#Tasmania}}
Tasmania also has a number of [[Native species|native]] [[edible]]s, known as [[bush tucker]] in Australia. These plants were [[Foraging|foraged]] by the [[Tasmanian Aboriginals]] and also used for other purposes, such as [[construction]]. Unusual trees such as [[Eucalyptus gunnii|cider gum (''Eucalyptus gunnii'')]] had their [[Sap|manna]] used to make a [[syrup]] or an [[Alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] ([[cider]]). Other trees such as [[Acacia|wattles (acacias)]] like [[Acacia melanoxylon|blackwood (''Acacia melanoxylon'')]] and [[Acacia dealbata|mimosa (''Acacia dealbata'')]] could have their [[Wattleseed|seeds]] eaten or crushed into a [[powder]]. There are also many [[berries]] such as [[Gaultheria hispida|snowberry (''Gaultheria hispida'')]], [[fruits]] such as [[Aristotelia peduncularis|heartberry (''Aristotelia peduncularis'')]], and [[vegetables]] such as [[Mentha australis|river mint (''Mentha australis'')]], though no [[crops]] like [[maize]] that are used for large production.<ref>{{cite web |title=Edible Plants of Tasmania |url=https://www.habitatplants.com.au/hpwp/wp-content/uploads/Tas-Edible-Native-Plants.pdf |website=National Landcare Programme, NRM North |publisher=Australian Government |access-date=4 September 2021 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904234431/https://www.habitatplants.com.au/hpwp/wp-content/uploads/Tas-Edible-Native-Plants.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Fauna ====
Tasmania has a large percentage of [[endemism]] whilst featuring many types of animals found on mainland Australia. Many of these species, such as the [[platypus]], are larger than their mainland relatives.<ref>{{cite web |title=Platypus in Tasmania |url=https://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/wildlife-management/fauna-of-tasmania/mammals/echidnas-and-platypus/platypus/platypus-in-tasmania |website=DPIPWE |access-date=2 September 2021 |archive-date=8 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308221910/https://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/wildlife-management/fauna-of-tasmania/mammals/echidnas-and-platypus/platypus/platypus-in-tasmania |url-status=live }}</ref>
The island of Tasmania was home to the [[thylacine]], a [[marsupial]] which resembled a [[Fossa (animal)|fossa]] or some say a wild dog. Known colloquially as the Tasmanian tiger for the distinctive striping across its back, it became extinct in mainland Australia much earlier because of competition by the [[dingo]], introduced in prehistoric times. Owing to persecution by farmers, government-funded bounty hunters and, in the final years, collectors for overseas museums, it appears to have been exterminated in Tasmania. The [[Tasmanian devil]] became the [[Largest mammals#Marsupials (Marsupialia)|largest carnivorous marsupial]] in the world following the [[extinction]] of the [[thylacine]] in 1936 and is now found in the wild only in Tasmania. Tasmania was one of the last regions of Australia to be introduced to domesticated dogs. Dogs were brought from Britain in 1803 for hunting kangaroos and [[emu]]s. This introduction completely transformed Aboriginal society, as it helped them to successfully compete with European hunters and was more important than the introduction of guns for the Aboriginal people.<ref>Boyce, James, 'The social and Environmental impact of the introduction of the dog to Tasmania' in ''Environmental History'' Vol. 11, No. 1 (Jan. 2006), pp. 102–129</ref>

Tasmania is a hotspot for [[Island gigantism|giant habitat trees and the large animal species]] that occupy them, notably the endangered [[Tasmanian wedge-tailed eagle|Tasmanian wedge-tailed eagle (''Aquila audax fleayi'')]], the [[Tasmanian masked owl|Tasmanian masked owl (''Tyto novaehollandiae castanops'')]], the [[Tasmanian giant freshwater crayfish|Tasmanian giant freshwater crayfish (''Astacopsis gouldi'')]], the [[Yellow wattlebird|yellow wattlebird (''Anthochaera paradoxa'')]], the [[Green rosella|green rosella (''Platycercus caledonicus'')]] and others. Tasmania is also home to the world's only three migratory parrots, the critically endangered [[Orange-bellied parrot|Orange-bellied parrot (''Neophema chrysogaster'')]], the [[Blue-winged parrot|Blue-winged parrot (''Neophema chrysostoma'')]], and the fastest parrot in the world, the [[Swift parrot|swift parrot (''Lathamus discolor'')]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Saving the Swift Parrot |url=https://science.anu.edu.au/news-events/news/saving-swift-parrot#:~:text=The%20swift%20parrot%20%E2%80%93%20the%20world's,for%20this%20critically%20endangered%20bird. |website=Australian National University |access-date=31 August 2021 |archive-date=31 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831085624/https://science.anu.edu.au/news-events/news/saving-swift-parrot#:~:text=The%20swift%20parrot%20%E2%80%93%20the%20world's,for%20this%20critically%20endangered%20bird. |url-status=live }}</ref>
Tasmania has 12 [[endemic]] species of [[bird]] in total.<ref>{{cite web |title=Birds |url=https://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/wildlife-management/fauna-of-tasmania/birds |website=DPIPWE |publisher=Tasmanian Government |access-date=2 September 2021 |archive-date=6 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906111619/https://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/wildlife-management/fauna-of-tasmania/birds |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Mycology ====
Tasmania is a hotspot for [[Fungi|fungal]] diversity. The importance of fungi in Tasmania's ecology is often overlooked; nonetheless, they play a vital role in the natural vegetation cycle.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fungi – overlooked beauties |url=https://gardensforwildlife.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/gfw.nsf/GardenStories/1578E2AD9479A280CA2575D8002290B4?OpenDocument |website=Gardens for Wildlife, DPIPWE |access-date=31 August 2021 |archive-date=31 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831053333/https://gardensforwildlife.dpipwe.tas.gov.au/gfw.nsf/GardenStories/1578E2AD9479A280CA2575D8002290B4?OpenDocument |url-status=live }}</ref> Tasmania's southwestern wilderness hosts a rich diversity of alpine [[lichen]]s, with at least 162 documented species. The region's alpine lichen flora is particularly notable for its high level of endemism, with approximately 16% of species found nowhere else in the world. The area's cool [[maritime climate]], Precambrian geology, and extensive [[peat]] formations create unique habitats for these organisms. The lichen [[community (ecology)|communities]] differ significantly from those found on Tasmania's eastern dolerite mountains, with the southwestern species showing stronger affinities to New Zealand and sub-Antarctic flora rather than to mainland Australia. Major lichen habitats in the alpine southwest include heathlands, alpine lawns, [[feldmark]] (windswept rocky plateaus), and large rock outcrops, each supporting distinct assemblages of species. Some particularly diverse genera in the region include ''[[Bunodophoron]]'', ''[[Cladia]]'', ''[[Cladonia]]'', ''[[Menegazzia]]'', ''[[Micarea]]'', ''[[Pertusaria]]'', ''[[Pseudocyphellaria]]'', ''[[Psoroma]]'', ''[[Siphula]]'', and ''[[Stereocaulon]]''.<ref name="Kantvilas 1995">{{cite journal |authorlink=Gintaras Kantvilas |last=Kantvilas |first=Gintaras |title=Alpine lichens of Tasmania's south west wilderness |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=27 |issue=6 |year=1995 |doi=10.1016/S0024-2829(95)80004-2 |pages=433–449}}</ref>

==== Conservation ====
Like the rest of Australia, Tasmania suffers from an [[endangered species]] problem. In particular, many important Tasmanian subspecies and world-significant species of [[animal]] are classified as at risk in some way. A famous example is the [[Tasmanian devil]], which is endangered due to [[devil facial tumour disease]]. Some species have already gone [[extinct]], primarily due to [[Human impact on the environment|human interference]], such as in the case of the [[thylacine]] or the [[Tasmanian emu]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Fact check: Does Australia have one of the 'highest loss of species anywhere in the world'? (CORRECT) |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-19/fact-check-does-australia-have-one-of-the-highest-extinction/6691026 |newspaper=ABC News |date=19 August 2015 |access-date=4 September 2021 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904011442/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-19/fact-check-does-australia-have-one-of-the-highest-extinction/6691026 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Extinct Tasmanian Species |url=https://www.ourtasmania.com.au/natural-extinct.html |website=Our Tasmania |access-date=4 September 2021 |archive-date=6 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206183813/https://www.ourtasmania.com.au/natural-extinct.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In Tasmania, there are about 90 endangered, vulnerable, or threatened vertebrate species classified by the state or Commonwealth governments.<ref>{{cite web |title=Threatened Species List – Vertebrate Animals |url=https://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/conservation/threatened-species-and-communities/lists-of-threatened-species/threatened-species-vertebrates |website=DPIPWE |publisher=Tasmanian Government |access-date=4 September 2021 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904011444/https://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/conservation/threatened-species-and-communities/lists-of-threatened-species/threatened-species-vertebrates |url-status=live }}</ref> Because of a reliance on roads and private vehicle transport, and a high concentration of animal populations divided by this development, Tasmania has the worst (per kilometre) [[roadkill]] rate in the world, with 32 animals killed per hour and at least 300,000 per year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to Tasmania, the roadkill capital of the world |url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/offtrack/tasmania-roadkill-capital-of-the-world/7021816 |website=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=14 December 2015 |access-date=4 September 2021 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904011442/https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/offtrack/tasmania-roadkill-capital-of-the-world/7021816 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Protected areas of Tasmania]] cover 21% of the island's land area in the form of [[national park]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=1362.6 – Regional Statistics, Tasmania, 2007 |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/9A04C0D0F8F2241BCA257264000CAFFE?opendocument |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=6 February 2006 |access-date=4 September 2021 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904011441/https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Latestproducts/9A04C0D0F8F2241BCA257264000CAFFE?opendocument |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area]] (TWWHA) was inscribed by [[UNESCO]] in 1982, where it is globally significant because "most UNESCO World Heritage sites meet only one or two of the ten criteria for that status. The Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area (TWWHA) meets 7 out of 10 criteria. Only one other place on earth—China’s [[Mount Tai]]shan—meets that many criteria".<ref>{{cite web |title=Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area (TWWHA) |url=https://parks.tas.gov.au/explore-our-parks/tasmanian-wilderness-world-heritage-area-(twwha) |website=Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service |access-date=4 September 2021 |archive-date=24 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524175342/https://parks.tas.gov.au/explore-our-parks/tasmanian-wilderness-world-heritage-area-(twwha) |url-status=live }}</ref> 
Controversy surrounds the decision in 2014 by the [[Abbott Government|Abbott]] federal [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal government]] to request the area's delisting and opening for resource exploration (before it was rejected by the UN Committee at Doha),<ref>{{cite news |title=UNESCO rejects Coalition's bid to delist Tasmanian World Heritage forest |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-24/unesco-rejects-bid-to-delist-world-heritage-forest/5538946?nw=0&r=HtmlFragment#:~:text=The%20Federal%20Government%20has%20lost,reverse%20protection%20for%2074%2C000%20hectares. |access-date=4 September 2021 |agency=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=24 June 2014 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904012944/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-24/unesco-rejects-bid-to-delist-world-heritage-forest/5538946?nw=0&r=HtmlFragment#:~:text=The%20Federal%20Government%20has%20lost,reverse%20protection%20for%2074%2C000%20hectares. |url-status=live }}</ref> and the current [[mining]] and [[deforestation]] in the state's [[Tarkine]] region, the largest single [[temperate rainforest]] in Australia.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Tarkine National Heritage assessment |url=https://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/organisations/australian-heritage-council/national-heritage-assessments/tarkine |website=Department of Agriculture |publisher=Australian Government |access-date=4 September 2021 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904011453/https://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/organisations/australian-heritage-council/national-heritage-assessments/tarkine |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Loynes |first1=Kate |title=The Tarkine: more than just a forest? |url=https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/FlagPost/2013/February/The_Tarkine_more_than_just_a_forest |website=Parliament of Australia |access-date=4 September 2021 |archive-date=4 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904011443/https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/FlagPost/2013/February/The_Tarkine_more_than_just_a_forest |url-status=live }}</ref>