Editing Sugar substitute (section)

===Sugar alcohol===
{{Main|Sugar alcohol}}
Sugar alcohols, or [[polyol]]s, are sweetening and bulking ingredients used in the manufacturing of foods and beverages, particularly sugar-free candies, cookies and [[chewing gum]]s.<ref name="ghosh">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ghosh S, Sudha ML |date=May 2012 |title=A review on polyols: new frontiers for health-based bakery products |journal=International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=372–379 |doi=10.3109/09637486.2011.627846 |pmid=22023673 |s2cid=12298507}}</ref><ref name="fda14">{{cite web |title=High-intensity sweeteners |url=https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/high-intensity-sweeteners |publisher=US Food and Drug Administration |access-date=23 November 2019 |date=19 May 2014 |archive-date=24 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424104602/https://www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/high-intensity-sweeteners |url-status=live }}</ref> As a sugar substitute, they typically are less-sweet and supply fewer calories (about a half to one-third fewer calories) than sugar. They are converted to glucose slowly, and do not spike increases in [[blood glucose]].<ref name="ghosh"/><ref name=fda14/><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2005 |title=Eat any sugar alcohol lately? |url=http://www.ynhh.org/about-us/sugar_alcohol.aspx |access-date=25 June 2012 |publisher=Yale-New Haven Hospital |archive-date=29 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929053527/http://www.ynhh.org/about-us/sugar_alcohol.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Sorbitol]], [[xylitol]], [[mannitol]], [[erythritol]] and [[lactitol]] are examples of sugar alcohols.<ref name=fda14/> These are, in general, less sweet than sucrose, but have similar bulk properties and can be used in a wide range of food products.<ref name=fda14/> The sweetness profile may be altered during manufacturing by mixing with high-intensity sweeteners.

Sugar alcohols are carbohydrates with a biochemical structure partially matching the structures of sugar and alcohol, although not containing [[ethanol]].<ref name=fda14/><ref name="IFIC Foundation-2009">{{Cite web|url=https://foodinsight.org/sugar-alcohols-fact-sheet/|title=Sugar alcohols fact sheet|publisher=Food Insight|date=15 October 2009|website=IFIC Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=23 November 2019|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630111323/https://foodinsight.org/sugar-alcohols-fact-sheet/|url-status=dead}}</ref> They are not entirely metabolized by the human body.<ref name="IFIC Foundation-2009"/> The unabsorbed sugar alcohols may cause bloating and [[diarrhea]] due to their [[osmotic]] effect, if consumed in sufficient amounts.<ref name=yale1>{{Cite web| title = Eat Any Sugar Alcohol Lately?| publisher = Yale New Haven Health| date = 2005-03-10| url = https://www.ynhh.org/services/nutrition/sugar-alcohol.aspx| access-date = January 6, 2018| archive-date = 23 October 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211023023920/https://www.ynhh.org/services/nutrition/sugar-alcohol.aspx| url-status = live}}</ref> They are found commonly in small quantities in some fruits and vegetables, and are commercially manufactured from different carbohydrates and [[starch]].<ref name=fda14/><ref name="IFIC Foundation-2009"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/InteractiveNutritionFactsLabel/sugar-alcohol.html|title=Sugar alcohols|publisher=US Food and Drug Administration|access-date=23 November 2019|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203012634/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/InteractiveNutritionFactsLabel/sugar-alcohol.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>