Editing Substantia nigra (section)

=== Wooden Chest Syndrome ===
[[Wooden chest]], also called fentanyl chest wall rigidity syndrome, is a rare side effect of synthetic [[opioid]]s such as [[Fentanyl]], Sulfentanil, [[Alfentanil]], [[Remifentanil]]. It results in a generalised increase in skeletal [[muscle tone]]. The mechanism is thought to be via increased dopamine release and decreased GABA release in the nerves of the substantia nigra/striatum. The effect is most pronounced on the chest wall muscles and can lead to impaired ventilation. The condition is most commonly observed in anaesthesia where rapid and high doses of these drugs are given intravenously.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pergolizzi |first1=Joseph V. |last2=Webster |first2=Lynn R. |last3=Vortsman |first3=Eugene |last4=Ann LeQuang |first4=Jo |last5=Raffa |first5=Robert B. |date=December 2021 |title=Wooden Chest syndrome: The atypical pharmacology of fentanyl overdose |journal=Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics |language=en |volume=46 |issue=6 |pages=1505–1508 |doi=10.1111/jcpt.13484 |pmid=34240442 |issn=0269-4727|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Baruah |first1=Udismita |last2=Gaur |first2=Himanshu |last3=Saigal |first3=Deepti |last4=Pandey |first4=Dimple |date=December 2022 |title=Wooden chest syndrome: A curious case of fentanyl induced rigidity in adults |journal=Indian Journal of Anaesthesia |language=en-US |volume=66 |issue=12 |pages=881–882 |doi=10.4103/ija.ija_171_22 |doi-access=free |issn=0019-5049 |pmc=9842087 |pmid=36654889}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rosal |first1=Nathaniel R. |last2=Thelmo |first2=Franklin L. |last3=Tzarnas |first3=Stephanie |last4=DiCalvo |first4=Lauren |last5=Tariq |first5=Shafaq |last6=Grossman |first6=Craig |date=January 2021 |title=Wooden Chest Syndrome: A Case Report of Fentanyl-Induced Chest Wall Rigidity |journal=Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports |language=en |volume=9 |pages=232470962110340 |doi=10.1177/23247096211034036 |issn=2324-7096 |pmc=8312149 |pmid=34301155}}</ref>