Editing Steve Biko (section)

====Arrest and death====
In 1977, Biko broke his banning order by travelling to [[Cape Town]], hoping to meet Unity Movement leader [[Neville Alexander]] and deal with growing dissent in the [[Western Cape]] branch of the BCM, which was dominated by [[Marxism|Marxists]] like [[Johnny Issel]].{{sfnm|1a1=Wilson|1y=2012|1p=129|2a1=Mangcu|2y=2014|2p=243}} Biko drove to the city with his friend Peter Jones on 17 August, but Alexander refused to meet with Biko, fearing that he was being monitored by the police.{{sfnm|1a1=Wilson|1y=2012|1p=130|2a1=Mangcu|2y=2014|2pp=251–254}} Biko and Jones drove back toward King William's Town, but on 18 August they were stopped at a police [[roadblock]] near [[Grahamstown]].{{sfnm|1a1=Bernstein|1y=1978|1p=10|2a1=Woods|2y=1978|2pp=70, 159|3a1=Wilson|3y=2012|3p=131|4a1=Mangcu|4y=2014|4p=256}} Biko was arrested for having violated the order restricting him to King William's Town.{{sfn|Woods|1978|p=159}} Unsubstantiated claims have been made that the security services were aware of Biko's trip to Cape Town and that the road block had been erected to catch him.{{sfn|Mangcu|2014|p=256}} Jones was also arrested at the roadblock; he was subsequently held without trial for 533 days, during which time he was interrogated on numerous occasions.{{sfn|Wilson|2012|p=132}}

The security services took Biko to the Walmer police station in Port Elizabeth, where he was held naked in a cell with his legs in [[legcuffs|shackles]].{{sfnm|1a1=Woods|1y=1978|1p=177|2a1=Silove|2y=1990|2p=418|3a1=Mangcu|3y=2014|3p=260}} On 6 September,{{sfnm|1a1=Woods|1y=1978|1p=159|2a1=Bucher|2y=2012|2p=569|3a1=Mangcu|3y=2014|3p=259}} he was transferred from Walmer to room 619 of the security police headquarters in the Sanlam Building in central Port Elizabeth, where he was interrogated for 22 hours, handcuffed and in shackles, and chained to a grille.{{sfnm|1a1=Woods|1y=1978|1p=vi|2a1=Bucher|2y=2012|2p=569}} Exactly what happened has never been ascertained,{{sfn|Mangcu|2014|p=261}} but during the interrogation he was severely beaten by at least one of the ten security police officers.{{sfn|Woods|1978|p=263}} He suffered three [[brain damage|brain lesion]]s that resulted in a massive brain [[haemorrhage]] on 6 September.{{sfn|Mangcu|2014|pp=260–261}} Following this incident, Biko's captors forced him to remain standing and shackled to the wall.{{sfn|Mangcu|2014|p=260}} The police later said that Biko had attacked one of them with a chair, forcing them to subdue him and place him in handcuffs and [[leg irons]].{{sfn|Bucher|2012|p=569}}

Biko was examined by a doctor, Ivor Lang, who stated that there was no evidence of injury on Biko.{{sfn|Bucher|2012|p=569}} Later scholarship has suggested Biko's injuries must have been obvious.{{sfn|Bucher|2012|p=567}} He was then examined by two other doctors who, after a test showed blood cells to have entered Biko's [[spinal fluid]], agreed that he should be transported to a prison hospital in [[Pretoria]].{{sfn|Bucher|2012|p=569}} On 11 September, police loaded him into the back of a [[Land Rover]], naked and manacled, and drove him {{convert|740|mi|km}} to the hospital.{{sfnm|1a1=Silove|1y=1990|1pp=418–419|2a1=Wilson|2y=2012|2p=139|3a1=Bucher|3y=2012|3p=569|4a1=Mangcu|4y=2014|4pp=261–262}} There, Biko died alone in a cell<!--on a mat on the floor--> on 12 September 1977.{{sfnm|1a1=Bernstein|1y=1978|1p=5|2a1=Mangcu|2y=2014|2p=262}} According to an [[autopsy]], an "extensive brain injury" had caused "centralisation of the blood circulation to such an extent that there had been intravasal blood [[coagulation]], acute [[kidney failure]], and [[uremia]]".{{sfn|Woods|1978|p=182}} He was the twenty-first person to die in a South African prison in twelve months,{{sfn|Wilson|2012|p=11}} and the forty-sixth political detainee to die during interrogation since the government introduced laws permitting imprisonment without trial in 1963.{{sfnm|1a1=Silove|1y=1990|1p=417|2a1=Hill|2y=2015|2p=52}}