Editing Space Shuttle Columbia (section)

==Flights==
''Columbia'' flew 28 missions, gathering 300.74 days spent in space with 4,808 orbits and a total distance of {{convert|125204911.5|mi|km}} until STS-107.

Though having been in service during the [[Shuttle–Mir Program|Shuttle-Mir]] and [[International Space Station]] programs, ''Columbia'' did not fly any missions that visited a space station. The other three active orbiters at the time had visited both ''[[Mir]]'' and the [[International Space Station|ISS]] at least once. ''Columbia'' was built according to a heavier earlier design with a reduced payload for ISS missions, so it was decided not to install a Space Station docking system.  This made room for longer science modules such as [[Spacelab]] and the [[Research Double Module|Spacehab Research Double Module]], so ''Columbia'' was  used instead for science missions and for [[Hubble Space Telescope]] service.<ref>{{Cite report |date=August 2003 |title=Columbia Accident Investigation Board Report Volume 1 |url=https://sma.nasa.gov/SignificantIncidents/assets/columbia-accident-investigation-board-report-volume-1.pdf |page=11|access-date=May 15, 2023 |publisher=NASA |language=en}}</ref>
<!-- Note: missions are ordered by the launch date rather than the mission number, please do not change this order -->
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"
|-
! #
! Date
! Designation
! Launch pad
! Landing location
! style="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1
| {{Date table sorting|1981|April|12}}
| [[STS-1]]
| [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A|LC-39A]]
| [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards]], Runway&nbsp;23
| First shuttle mission.
|-
| 2
| {{Date table sorting|1981|November|12}}
| [[STS-2]]
| LC-39A
| [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards]], Runway&nbsp;23
| First re-use of a space vehicle.
|-
| 3
| {{Date table sorting|1982|March|22}}
| [[STS-3]]
| LC-39A
| [[White Sands Space Harbor|White Sands]], Runway&nbsp;17
| First mission with an unpainted [[Space Shuttle external tank|external tank]].<br />First and only space shuttle landing at White Sands.
|-
| 4
| {{Date table sorting|1982|June|27}}
| [[STS-4]]
| LC-39A
| [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards]], Runway&nbsp;22
| Last shuttle R&D flight
|-
| 5
| {{Date table sorting|1982|November|11}}
| [[STS-5]]
| LC-39A
| [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards]], Runway&nbsp;22
| First four-person crew, first deployment of commercial satellite.
|-
| 6
| {{Date table sorting|1983|November|28}}
| [[STS-9]]
| LC-39A
| [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards]], Runway&nbsp;17
| First six-person crew, first [[Spacelab]].
|-
| 7
| {{Date table sorting|1986|January|12}}
| [[STS-61-C]]
| LC-39A
| [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards]], Runway&nbsp;22
| [[United States House of Representatives|Rep]]. [[Bill Nelson (politician)|Bill Nelson]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]-[[Florida|FL]]) on board the final successful shuttle flight before the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|''Challenger'' disaster]]
|-
| 8
| {{Date table sorting|1989|August|8}}
| [[STS-28]]
| [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B|LC-39B]]
| [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards]], Runway&nbsp;17
| Launched [[KH-11 Kennen|KH-11]] [[Spy satellite|reconnaissance satellite]]; first launch of ''Columbia'' from Launch Complex 39-B
|-
| 9
| {{Date table sorting|1990|January|9}}
| [[STS-32]]
| LC-39A
| [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards]], Runway&nbsp;22
| Retrieved [[Long Duration Exposure Facility]]
|-
| 10
| {{Date table sorting|1990|December|2}}
| [[STS-35]]
| LC-39B
| [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards]], Runway&nbsp;22
| Carried multiple [[X-ray astronomy|X-ray]] and [[Ultraviolet astronomy|UV]] [[telescope]]s
|-
| 11
| {{Date table sorting|1991|June|5}}
| [[STS-40]]
| LC-39B
| [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards]], Runway&nbsp;22
| 5th [[Spacelab]] – Life Sciences-1
|-
| 12
| {{Date table sorting|1992|June|25}}
| [[STS-50]]
| LC-39A
| [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Shuttle Landing Facility|Runway&nbsp;33]]
| U.S. [[Micro-g environment|Microgravity]] Laboratory 1 (USML-1)
|-
| 13
| {{Date table sorting|1992|October|22}}
| [[STS-52]]
| LC-39B
| [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Shuttle Landing Facility|Runway&nbsp;33]]
| Deployed Laser Geodynamic Satellite II
|-
| 14
| {{Date table sorting|1993|April|26}}
| [[STS-55]]
| LC-39A
| [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards]], Runway&nbsp;22
| German Spacelab D-2 Microgravity Research
|-
| 15
| {{Date table sorting|1993|October|18}}
| [[STS-58]]
| LC-39B
| [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards]], Runway&nbsp;22
| Spacelab Life Sciences
|-
| 16
| {{Date table sorting|1994|March|4}}
| [[STS-62]]
| LC-39B
| [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Shuttle Landing Facility|Runway&nbsp;33]]
| United States Microgravity Payload-2 (USMP-2)
|-
| 17
| {{Date table sorting|1994|July|8}}
| [[STS-65]]
| LC-39A
| [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Shuttle Landing Facility|Runway&nbsp;33]]
| International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-2)
|-
| 18
| {{Date table sorting|1995|October|20}}
| [[STS-73]]
| LC-39B
| [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Shuttle Landing Facility|Runway&nbsp;33]]
| United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2)
|-
| 19
| {{Date table sorting|1996|February|22}}
| [[STS-75]]
| LC-39B
| [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Shuttle Landing Facility|Runway&nbsp;33]]
| Tethered Satellite System Reflight (TSS-1R)
|-
| 20
| {{Date table sorting|1996|June|20}}
| [[STS-78]]
| LC-39B
| [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Shuttle Landing Facility|Runway&nbsp;33]]
| Life and Microgravity Spacelab (LMS)
|-
| 21
| {{Date table sorting|1996|November|19}}
| [[STS-80]]
| LC-39B
| [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Shuttle Landing Facility|Runway&nbsp;33]]
| Third flight of [[Wake Shield Facility]] (WSF) and longest Shuttle flight
|-
| 22
| {{Date table sorting|1997|April|4}}
| [[STS-83]]
| LC-39A
| [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Shuttle Landing Facility|Runway&nbsp;33]]
| Microgravity Science Laboratory (MSL), cut short
|-
| 23
| {{Date table sorting|1997|July|1}}
| [[STS-94]]
| LC-39A
| [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Shuttle Landing Facility|Runway&nbsp;33]]
| Microgravity Science Laboratory (MSL), reflight
|-
| 24
| {{Date table sorting|1997|November|19}}
| [[STS-87]]
| LC-39B
| [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Shuttle Landing Facility|Runway&nbsp;33]]
| United States Microgravity Payload (USMP-4)
|-
| 25
| {{Date table sorting|1998|April|13}}
| [[STS-90]]
| LC-39B
| [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Shuttle Landing Facility|Runway&nbsp;33]]
| Neurolab – Spacelab
|-
| 26
| {{Date table sorting|1999|July|23}}
| [[STS-93]]
| LC-39B
| [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Shuttle Landing Facility|Runway&nbsp;33]]
| Deployed [[Chandra X-ray Observatory]]; first female Shuttle Commander [[Eileen Collins]]; last launch of ''Columbia'' from Launch Complex 39-B
|-
| 27
| {{Date table sorting|2002|March|1}}
| [[STS-109]]
| LC-39A
| [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Shuttle Landing Facility|Runway&nbsp;33]]
| [[Hubble Space Telescope]] service mission (HSM-3B)
|-
| 28
| {{Date table sorting|2003|January|16}}
| [[STS-107]]
| LC-39A
| Did not land (Planned to land at [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]], [[Shuttle Landing Facility|Runway&nbsp;33]])
| A multi-disciplinary microgravity and Earth science research mission. [[Space Shuttle Columbia disaster|Shuttle destroyed during re-entry on February 1, 2003, and all seven astronauts on board killed]].
|}

===Mission and tribute insignias===
<!-- Note: missions are ordered by the launch date rather than the mission number, please do not change this order -->
[[File:Space Shuttle Columbia tribute poster.jpg|center|thumb|NASA Orbiter Tribute for Space Shuttle ''Columbia''|650x650px]]
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center; font-size: 100%; width:100%"
!colspan=8| Mission insignia for ''Columbia'' flights
|-
|[[Image:Sts-1-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:Sts-2-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:Sts3-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:Sts-4-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:Sts-5-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:STS-9 patch.svg|center|100x100px]] 
|[[Image:STS-61-c-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:STS-61-E patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|-
| '''[[STS-1]]'''
| '''[[STS-2]]'''
| '''[[STS-3]]'''
| '''[[STS-4]]'''
| '''[[STS-5]]'''
| '''[[STS 9]]'''
| '''[[STS-61-C]]'''
| '''[[STS-61-E]]*'''
|-
|[[Image:Sts-28-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:STS-32 patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:Sts-35-patch.svg|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:Sts-40-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:Sts-50-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:Sts-52-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:Sts-55-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:Sts-58-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|-
| '''[[STS-28]]'''
| '''[[STS-32]]'''
| '''[[STS-35]]'''
| '''[[STS-40]]'''
| '''[[STS-50]]'''
| '''[[STS-52]]'''
| '''[[STS-55]]'''
| '''[[STS-58]]'''
|-
|[[Image:Sts-62-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:Sts-65-patch.png|center|110x110px]]
|[[Image:Sts-73-patch.png|center|110x110px]]
|[[Image:Sts-75-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:Sts-78-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:Sts-80-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:Sts-83-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:Sts-94-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|-
| '''[[STS-62]]'''
| '''[[STS-65]]'''
| '''[[STS-73]]'''
| '''[[STS-75]]'''
| '''[[STS-78]]'''
| '''[[STS-80]]'''
| '''[[STS-83]]'''
| '''[[STS-94]]'''
|-
|[[Image:Sts-87-patch.svg|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:Sts-90-patch.svg|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:Sts-93-patch.png|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:STS-109 patch.svg|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:STS-107 Flight Insignia.svg|center|100x100px]]
|[[Image:STS-118 patch new.svg|center|100x100px]]

|-
| '''[[STS-87]]'''
| '''[[STS-90]]'''
| '''[[STS-93]]'''
| '''[[STS-109]]'''
| '''[[STS-107]]'''
| '''[[STS-118]]**'''

|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Mission canceled following the [[Space Shuttle Challenger disaster|''Challenger'' disaster]].

<nowiki>**</nowiki> Mission flown by ''Endeavour'' due to loss of ''Columbia'' on [[STS-107]].