Editing Solubility (section)

==Solubility of gases==
[[Henry's law]] is used to quantify the solubility of gases in solvents. The solubility of a gas in a solvent is directly proportional to the [[partial pressure]] of that gas above the solvent. This relationship is similar to [[Raoult's law]] and can be written as:
:<math> p = k_{\rm H}\, c </math>
where <math>k_{\rm H}</math> is a temperature-dependent constant (for example, 769.2 [[litre|L]]·[[Atmosphere (unit)|atm]]/[[Mole (unit)|mol]] for [[Oxygen#Allotropes|dioxygen]] (O<sub>2</sub>) in water at 298 K), <math>p</math> is the partial pressure (in atm), and <math>c</math> is the [[concentration]] of the dissolved gas in the liquid (in mol/L).

The solubility of gases is sometimes also quantified using [[Bunsen solubility coefficient]].

In the presence of small [[Liquid bubble|bubble]]s, the solubility of the gas does not depend on the bubble radius in any other way than through the effect of the radius on pressure (i.e. the solubility of gas in the liquid in contact with small bubbles is increased due to pressure increase by Δ''p''&nbsp;=&nbsp;2γ/''r''; see [[Young–Laplace equation]]).<ref>{{cite journal| doi=10.1007/BF00550401| author=G.W. Greenwood|title=The Solubility of Gas Bubbles|journal=Journal of Materials Science|volume=4|pages= 320–322|year= 1969|bibcode = 1969JMatS...4..320G| issue=4 | s2cid=93098036}}</ref>

Henry's law is valid for gases that do not undergo change of chemical speciation on dissolution. [[Sieverts' law]] shows a case when this assumption does not hold.

The [[carbon dioxide]] solubility in [[seawater]] is also affected by temperature, pH of the solution, and by the [[carbonate]] buffer. The decrease of solubility of carbon dioxide in seawater when temperature increases is also an important retroaction factor (positive feedback) exacerbating past and future [[climate change (general concept)|climate changes]] as observed in ice cores from the Vostok site in [[Antarctica]]. At the [[geological time]] scale, because of the [[Milankovich cycle]]s, when the astronomical parameters of the Earth orbit and its rotation axis progressively change and modify the [[solar irradiance]] at the Earth surface, temperature starts to increase. When a deglaciation period is initiated, the progressive warming of the oceans releases CO<sub>2</sub> into the atmosphere because of its lower solubility in warmer sea water. In turn, higher levels of CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere increase the [[greenhouse effect]] and carbon dioxide acts as an amplifier of the general warming.