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==Religion== {{See also|Slavic paganism}} [[File:"Swiatowid (cult statue)", Kraków 2013.2.jpg|thumb|upright|The "[[Zbruch Idol]]" preserved at the [[Archaeological Museum of Kraków|Kraków Archaeological Museum]]]] The [[Slavic paganism|pagan Slavic]] populations [[Christianization of the Slavs|were Christianized]] between the 7th and 12th centuries. [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]] is predominant among East and South Slavs, while [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]] is predominant among West Slavs and some western [[South Slavs]]. The religious borders are largely comparable to the [[East–West Schism]] which began in the 11th century. Islam first arrived in the 7th century during the [[early Muslim conquests]], and was gradually adopted by a number of Slavic ethnic groups through the centuries in the Balkans.{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}} Among Slavic populations who profess a religion, the majority of contemporary Christian Slavs are Orthodox, followed by Catholic. The majority of Muslim Slavs follow the [[Hanafi]] school of the [[Sunni]] branch of Islam.<ref name="Ramet1989">{{cite book|author-link=Sabrina P. Ramet|author=Sabrina P. Ramet|title=Religion and Nationalism in Soviet and East European Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=50GTIhntKvYC&pg=PA380|year=1989|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-0891-1|pages=380–}}</ref> Religious delineations by nationality can be very sharp; usually in the Slavic ethnic groups, the vast majority of religious people share the same religion.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} {{Col-begin|width=60%}} {{Col-break}} Mainly [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]]:<ref>{{cite journal|last=Goldblatt|first=Harvey|title=Orthodox Slavic Heritage and National Consciousness: Aspects of the East Slavic and South Slavic National Revivals|journal=Harvard Ukrainian Studies|publisher=Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute|pages=336–354|date=December 1986|volume=10|number=3/4|jstor=41036261}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Zdravkovski|first1=Aleksander|last2=Morrison|first2=Kenneth|chapter=The Orthodox Churches of Macedonia and Montenegro: The Quest for Autocephaly|pages=240–262|title=Religion and Politics in Post-Socialist Central and Southeastern Europe|date=January 2014|doi=10.1057/9781137330727_10|isbn=978-1-349-46120-2}}</ref> * [[Russians]] * [[Ukrainians]] * [[Serbs]] * [[Bulgarians]] * [[Belarusians]] * [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonians]] * [[Montenegrins]] {{Col-break}} Mainly [[Catholicism]]:{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} * [[Polish people|Poles]] * [[Silesians]] * [[Kashubians]] * [[Gorals]] * [[Czechs]] (largely [[Irreligion in the Czech Republic|irreligious]]) * [[Slovaks]] * [[Croats]] * [[Slovenes]] * [[Sorbs]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Sparrow|first=Thomas|title=Sorbs: The ethnic minority inside Germany|url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20210615-sorbs-the-ethnic-minority-inside-germany|work=[[BBC]]|date=16 June 2021|access-date=3 April 2022}}</ref> * [[Rusyns]]{{efn|name=rusyn-religion|Originally Eastern Orthodox, with some groups adopting [[Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church|Byzantine-Rite Catholicism]] under Polish and Austro-Hungarian rule and reverting to Eastern Orthodoxy starting in the late 19th Century.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}}} * [[Banat Bulgarians]]<ref name="VučkovićXXI">{{cite journal |last=Vučković |first=Marija |date=2008 |title=Savremena istraživanja malih etničkih zajednica |trans-title=Contemporary studies of small ethnic communities |url=https://www.academia.edu/5364641 |language=sh |journal=XXI Vek |volume=3 |pages=2–8 |access-date=1 March 2019}}</ref> {{Col-break}} Mainly [[Islam in Europe|Islam]]: * [[Bosniaks]]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lopasic|first=Alexander|title=Bosnian Muslims: A Search for Identity|journal=[[British Society for Middle Eastern Studies]]|volume=8|number=2|date=1981|pages=115–121|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|doi=10.1080/13530198108705319|jstor=194542}}</ref> * [[Pomaks]]<ref>{{cite book|author1=Hugh Poulton|author2=Suha Taji-Farouki|title=Muslim Identity and the Balkan State|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lQqHjwW6XzcC&pg=PA33|date=January 1997|publisher=Hurst|isbn=978-1-85065-276-2|page=33}}</ref> * [[Gorani people|Gorani]]<ref>{{citation|editor=Bursać, Milan|year=2000|title=ГОРАНЦИ, МУСЛИМАНИ И ТУРЦИ У ШАРПЛАНИНСКИМ ЖУПАМА СРБИЈЕ: ПРОБЛЕМИ САДАШЊИХ УСЛОВА ЖИВОТА И ОПСТАНКА: Зборник радова са "Округлог стола" одржаног 19. априла 2000. године у Српској академији наука и уметности|publisher=SANU|location=Belgrade|url=http://www.rastko.rs/rastko-gora/zbornici/gora2000.php|pages=71=73}}</ref> * [[Torbeši]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Kowan |first=J. |year=2000 |title=Macedonia: The Politics of Identity and Difference |location=London |publisher=Pluto Press |isbn=0-7453-1594-1 |page=111 }}</ref> * [[Muslims (ethnic group)|Ethnic Muslims]] {{col-end}}
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