Editing Sheba (section)

=== African conquests ===
Around 800 BCE, the Sabaeans conquered parts of [[Eritrea]] and the [[Tigray Region]] of Ethiopia in the [[Horn of Africa]], triggering a [[Sabean colonization of Africa|Sabaean colonization]] event that created the Eri-Ethio-Sabaean [[Dʿmt|Kingdom of Di'amat]]. Sabaean populations migrated to maintain the new polity, and link it with the mother country, including through managing trade between the two (ivory might have especially been a driver of the expansion). The capital of the new kingdom was [[Yeha]], where a great temple was built for [[Almaqah]], the national god of Saba. Four other Almaqah temples are also known from Di'amat (including the [[Temple of Meqaber Gaʿewa]]), and other inscriptions mention the complete remainder of the known Sabaean deities. The great Yeha temple was modelled by Sabaean masons off of the Almaqah Temple at [[Sirwah]] (a major urban center of Saba). Besides religion, Sabaean culture also diffused into Di'amat through the use of objects, architectural techniques, artistic styles, institutions, paleographical styles for writings inscriptions, and the use of abstract symbols. Leaders in Di'amat used the classical South Arabian title, the ''[[mukarrib]]'', and one particular title that is seen is the "Mukarrib of Diʿamat and Saba" (''mkrb Dʿmt s-S<sup>1</sup>bʾ''). The exact timing of the collapse of Di'amat is not known: it happened around the mid-1st millennium BCE and involved a destruction of Yeha along with a number of adjacent sites. This also happened when Saba was beginning to lose its grip on power over South Arabia. Nevertheless, Sabaeans continued migrating to Ethiopia after this collapse and Ethiopia only established a position of power for itself when the [[Kingdom of Aksum]] arose in the 1st century CE.{{Sfn|Schulz|2024|p=131}}{{Sfn|Avanzini|2016|pp=127–130}}{{Sfn|Nebes|2023|pp=348–355}}

Military warfare continued between Saba, Ethiopia, and Himyar during the second Sabaean period, with a dynamic and shifting array of alliances. Recently discovered evidence shows that these encounters took place, not only on the peninsula, but also on Ethiopian territory during expeditions launched by the Sabaeans.{{Sfn|Potts|2025}}