Editing Shanghai (section)

=== People's Republic era ===
On 27 May 1949, the [[People's Liberation Army]] took control of Shanghai through the [[Shanghai Campaign]]. Under the new People's Republic of China (PRC), Shanghai was one of only three municipalities not merged into neighboring provinces (the others being [[Beijing]] and [[Tianjin]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.earnshaw.com/shanghai-ed-india/tales/t-monde2.htm |title=Changhai est tombé sans combat |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928152915/https://www.earnshaw.com/shanghai-ed-india/tales/t-monde2.htm |archive-date=28 September 2011 |work=Le Monde |date=27 May 1949}}</ref> Most foreign firms moved their offices from Shanghai to [[Hong Kong]], as part of a foreign [[divestment]] due to the PRC's victory.<ref>{{cite book |last=Thomas |first=Thompson |year=1979 |title=China's Nationalization of Foreign Firms: The Politics of Hostage Capitalism, 1949–1957 |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/56353790.pdf |publisher=University of Maryland School of Law |page=16 |isbn=0-942182-26-X |access-date=27 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223100622/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/56353790.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>[[File:1967-12 1967年 上海市南京路夜景.jpg|thumb|right|upright|[[Nanjing Road]], 1967, during the [[Cultural Revolution]]]]
After the war, Shanghai's economy was restored—from 1949 to 1952, the city's agricultural and industrial output increased by 51.5% and 94.2%, respectively.<ref name="SHChronicles" /> There were 20 urban districts and 10 suburbs at the time.<ref name="toponymy">{{cite web |script-title = zh:上海地名志 总述 |publisher = Office of Shanghai Chronicles |url = http://www.shtong.gov.cn/dfz_web/DFZ/Info?idnode=70865&tableName=userobject1a&id=73521 |date = 3 August 2004 |access-date = 3 October 2019 |language = zh-cn |archive-date = 24 March 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200324142023/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/dfz_web/DFZ/Info?idnode=70865&tableName=userobject1a&id=73521 |url-status = dead}}</ref> On 17 January 1958, [[Jiading District|Jiading]], Baoshan, and [[Shanghai County]] in Jiangsu became part of Shanghai Municipality, which expanded to {{convert|863|km2|1|sp=us|abbr=on}}. The following December, the land area of Shanghai was further expanded to {{convert|5910|km2|1|sp=us|abbr=on}} after more surrounding suburban areas in Jiangsu were added: [[Chongming District|Chongming]], [[Jinshan District|Jinshan]], [[Qingpu, Shanghai|Qingpu]], [[Fengxian District|Fengxian]], [[Chuansha County|Chuansha]], and [[Nanhui County|Nanhui]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Pacione |first=Michael |date=4 December 2014 |title=Problems and Planning in Third World Cities |publisher=Routledge Revivals |isbn=9780415705936}}</ref> In 1964, the city's administrative divisions were rearranged to 10 urban districts and 10 counties.<ref name="toponymy" />

As the industrial center of China with the most skilled industrial workers, Shanghai became a center for radical [[Left-wing politics|leftism]] during the 1950s and 1960s. The radical leftist [[Jiang Qing]] and her three allies, together the [[Gang of Four]], were based in the city.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=b3MX4eQrl50C&pg=PA66 ''Shanghai: transformation and modernization under China's open policy''. By Yue-man Yeung, Sung Yun-wing, page 66] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907214639/https://books.google.com/books?id=b3MX4eQrl50C&pg=PA66#v=onepage&q&f=false |date=7 September 2024}}, Chinese University Press, 1996</ref> During the [[Cultural Revolution]] (1966–1976), Shanghai's society was severely damaged. The majority of the workers in the Shanghai branch of the [[People's Bank of China]] were [[Red Guards]] and they formed a group called the Anti-Economy Liaison Headquarters within the branch.<ref name="Liu-2023">{{Cite book |last=Liu |first=Zongyuan Zoe |title=Sovereign Funds: How the Communist Party of China Finances its Global Ambitions |publisher=The Belknap Press of [[Harvard University Press]] |year=2023 |isbn=9780674271913 |pages=}}</ref>{{Rp|page=38}} The Anti-Economy Liaison Headquarters dismantled economic organizations in Shanghai, investigated bank withdrawals, and disrupted regular bank service in the city.<ref name="Liu-2023" />{{Rp|page=38}}The Shanghai People's Commune was established in the city during the [[January Storm]] of 1967. Despite the disruptions of the Cultural Revolution, Shanghai maintained economic production with a positive annual growth rate.<ref name="SHChronicles" />

During the [[Third Front (China)|Third Front]] campaign to develop basic industry and heavy industry in China's hinterlands in case of invasion by the Soviet Union or the United States, 354,900 Shanghainese were sent to work on Third Front projects.<ref name="Xu-2022">{{Cite book |last1=Xu |first1=Youwei |title=Everyday Lives in China's Cold War Military Industrial Complex: Voices from the Shanghai Small Third Front, 1964–1988 |last2=Wang |first2=Y. Yvon |publisher=[[Palgrave MacMillan]] |year=2022 |isbn=9783030996871}}</ref>{{Rp|page=xvi}} The centrepiece of Shanghai's Small Third Front project was the "rear base" in Anhui rear base which served as "a multi-function manufacturing base for anti-aircraft and anti-tank weaponry.<ref name="Xu-2022" />{{Rp|page=xvi}}

Since 1949, Shanghai has been a comparatively heavy contributor of tax revenue to the central government; in 1983, the city's contribution in tax revenue was greater than the investment received in the past 33 years combined.<ref>{{cite book |last=McGregor |first=Richard |date=31 July 2012 |title=The Party: The Secret World of China's Communist Rulers |publisher=Harper Perennial; Reprint |isbn=9780061708763 |author-link=Richard McGregor}}</ref> Its importance to the fiscal well-being of the central government also denied it from [[Chinese economic reform|economic liberalizations]] begun in 1978.

In 1990, [[Deng Xiaoping]] permitted Shanghai to initiate economic reforms, which reintroduced foreign capital to the city and developed the Pudong district, resulting in the birth of [[Lujiazui]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2018-09/17/c_1123438650.htm|script-title=zh:浦东，改革开放尽显"上海风度"|work=[[Xinhua News]]|date=17 September 2018|access-date=29 September 2019|language=zh-cn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929114521/http://www.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2018-09/17/c_1123438650.htm|archive-date=29 September 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> That year, the China's central government designated Shanghai as the "Dragon Head" of [[Chinese economic reform|economic reform]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hou |first=Li |title=Building for Oil: Daqing and the Formation of the Chinese Socialist State |date=2021 |publisher=[[Harvard University Asia Center]] |isbn=978-0-674-26022-1 |edition= |series=[[Harvard-Yenching Institute]] monograph series |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |pages=xviii}}</ref> As of 2020, Shanghai is classified as an Alpha+ city by the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]], making it one of the world's Top 10 major cities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GaWC – The World According to GaWC 2020|url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html|access-date=27 September 2020|website=www.lboro.ac.uk|archive-date=24 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824031341/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2020t.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In early 2022, Shanghai experienced a large outbreak of [[COVID-19]] cases. After localized lockdowns failed to stem the rise in cases, the [[2022 Shanghai COVID-19 outbreak|Chinese government locked down]] the entire city on 5 April. This resulted in widespread food shortages across the city emerged as food-supply chains were severely disrupted by the government's lockdown measures, which were not lifted until 1 June.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/shanghai-in-lockdown-struggles-to-feed-itself-11649353336|title=Shanghai, in Lockdown, Struggles to Feed Itself|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|date=7 April 2022|access-date=3 September 2022|archive-date=12 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112120154/https://www.wsj.com/articles/shanghai-in-lockdown-struggles-to-feed-itself-11649353336|url-status=live}}</ref>