Editing Sexual slavery (section)

===Crime against humanity===
The [[Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court|Rome Statute]] Explanatory Memorandum, which defines the jurisdiction of the [[International Criminal Court]], recognizes [[rape]], sexual slavery, forced prostitution, [[forced pregnancy]], [[forced sterilization]], "or any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity" as [[crimes against humanity]] if the action is part of a widespread or systematic practice.<ref name="Horton">
As quoted by Guy Horton in ''[http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs3/Horton-2005.pdf Dying Alive – A Legal Assessment of Human Rights Violations in Burma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113112157/http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs3/Horton-2005.pdf |date=13 January 2016 }}'' April 2005, co-Funded by The Netherlands Ministry for Development Co-Operation. See section "12.52 Crimes against humanity", Page 201. He references RSICC/C, Vol. 1 p. 360
</ref><ref>
{{cite web |url=http://legal.un.org/icc/statute/romefra.htm |title=Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court |publisher=United Nations |access-date=18 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019222329/http://legal.un.org/icc/statute/romefra.htm |archive-date=19 October 2013 |url-status=live}}
</ref> Sexual slavery was first recognized as a [[crime against humanity]] when the [[International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia]] issued arrest warrants based on the [[Geneva Conventions]] and Violations of the Laws or Customs of War. Specifically, it was recognized that Muslim women in [[Foča]] (southeastern [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]) were subjected to systematic and widespread gang rape, torture and sexual enslavement by Bosnian Serb soldiers, policemen, and members of paramilitary groups after the takeover of the city in April 1992.<ref name=autogenerated17>{{cite web|date=May 1997 |url=http://www.haverford.edu/relg/sells/rape.html |title=Rape as a Crime Against Humanity |publisher=Michael Sells for "Community of Bosnia" |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109091147/http://www.haverford.edu/relg/sells/rape.html |archive-date=9 January 2009}}</ref> The indictment was of major legal significance and was the first time that sexual assaults were investigated for the purpose of prosecution under the rubric of torture and enslavement as a crime against humanity.<ref name=autogenerated17 /> The indictment was confirmed by a 2001 verdict by the [[International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia]] that rape and sexual enslavement are crimes against humanity. This ruling challenged the widespread acceptance of rape and sexual enslavement of women as an intrinsic part of war.<ref name=AmnestyInt2001feb22>{{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/documents/eur63/004/2001/en |title=Bosnia and Herzegovina : Foca verdict – rape and sexual enslavement are crimes against humanity |date=22 February 2001 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]] }}</ref> The [[International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia]] found three Bosnian Serb men guilty of rape of [[Bosniak]] (Bosnian Muslim) women and girls – some as young as 12 and 15 years of age – in [[Foča]], eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. The charges were brought as [[crimes against humanity]] and [[war crimes]]. Furthermore, two of the men were found guilty of the crime against humanity of sexual enslavement for holding women and girls captive in a number of de facto detention centers. Many of the women had subsequently disappeared.<ref name=AmnestyInt2001feb22/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mass Rape: The War Against Women in Bosnia-Herzegovina {{!}} Office of Justice Programs |url=https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/mass-rape-war-against-women-bosnia-herzegovina |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=www.ojp.gov}}</ref>

In areas controlled by Islamic militants, non-Muslim women are enslaved in occupied territories. Many Islamists see the abolition of slavery as forced upon Muslims by the West and want to revive the practice of slavery.<ref name="The Economist">{{cite news|last1=EconomistStaff|title=Jihadists Boast of Selling Captive Women as Concubines|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21625870-jihadists-boast-selling-captive-women-concubines-have-and-hold|access-date=20 October 2014|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|date=18 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020082720/http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21625870-jihadists-boast-selling-captive-women-concubines-have-and-hold|archive-date=2014-10-20|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Abdelaziz|first1=Salma|title=ISIS states its justification for the enslavement of women|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/12/world/meast/isis-justification-slavery/|access-date=13 October 2014|publisher=CNN|date=13 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621204748/http://www.cnn.com/2014/10/12/world/meast/isis-justification-slavery|archive-date=2017-06-21|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mathis-Lilly|first1=Ben|title=ISIS Declares Itself Pro-Slavery|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2014/10/13/isis_yazidi_slavery_group_s_english_language_publication_defends_practice.html|access-date=20 October 2014|work=Slate|date=14 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019203700/http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2014/10/13/isis_yazidi_slavery_group_s_english_language_publication_defends_practice.html|archive-date=2014-10-19|url-status=live}}</ref> (See: [[Slavery in 21st-century Islamism]]). In areas controlled by [[Priesthood in the Catholic Church|Catholic priests]], clerical abuse of [[nun]]s, including sexual slavery, has been acknowledged by the [[Pope]].<ref name="BBC-20190206">{{cite news |author=Staff |title=Pope admits clerical abuse of nuns including sexual slavery |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47134033 |date=6 February 2019 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190208232551/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47134033 |archive-date=8 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20190205">{{cite news |agency=Associated Press|title=Pope Publicly Acknowledges Clergy Sexual Abuse of Nuns|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2019/02/05/world/europe/ap-eu-rel-vatican-nun-abuse-.html |date=5 February 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209232249/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2019/02/05/world/europe/ap-eu-rel-vatican-nun-abuse-.html |archive-date=9 February 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>