Editing Saxophone (section)

=== In classical music ===
The saxophone was introduced into the [[concert band]], which usually calls for an E{{music|b}} alto saxophone, a B{{music|b}} tenor saxophone, and an E{{music|b}} baritone saxophone. A concert band may include two altos, one tenor, and one baritone. A B{{music|b}} soprano saxophone is also sometimes used, and is played by the first alto saxophonist. A bass saxophone in B{{music|b}} is used in some concert band music (especially music by [[Percy Grainger]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/29159962?searchTerm=percy%20grainger%20bass%20saxophone&searchLimits= |title=A Talk On Modern Band Music |last=Ventry |first=J. |date=26 March 1930 |website=Trove.nla.gov.au |publisher=The Mercury |access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref>
[[File: Sigurd Rascher.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Classical saxophonist [[Sigurd Raschèr]]]]
Saxophones are used in chamber music, such as [[saxophone quartet]]s and other chamber combinations of instruments. The classical saxophone quartet consists of a B{{music|b}} soprano saxophone, E{{music|b}} alto saxophone, B{{music|b}} tenor saxophone, and E{{music|b}} baritone saxophone (SATB). On occasion, the soprano is replaced with a second alto sax (AATB); a few professional saxophone quartets have featured non-standard instrumentation, such as [[James Fei]]'s Alto Quartet<ref>{{cite web|url=http://music.columbia.edu/~jamesfei/organizedsound/os4-AltoQuartets.html |title=James Fei: DVD |access-date=2007-05-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061217171532/http://music.columbia.edu/~jamesfei/organizedsound/os4-AltoQuartets.html |archive-date=2006-12-17 }}</ref> (four altos).

There is a repertoire of classical compositions and arrangements for the [[SATB]] instrumentation dating back to the nineteenth century, particularly by French composers who knew Sax. However, the largest body of chamber works for saxophone are from the modern era of classical saxophone initiated by [[Marcel Mule]] in 1928.  [[Sigurd Raschèr]] followed as a soloist in orchestral works, starting in 1931, and also figured prominently in development of modern classical saxophone repertoire.  The Mule quartet is often considered the prototype for quartets due to the level of virtuosity demonstrated by its members and its central role in the development of modern quartet repertoire. However, organized quartets existed before Mule's ensemble, the prime example being the quartet headed by Edward A. Lefebre (1834–1911), which was a subset of [[Patrick Gilmore]]'s 22nd Regiment band between 1873 and 1893.<ref name="Noyes, Chapter IV"/>

In the 20th and 21st centuries, the saxophone found increased popularity in symphony orchestras. The instrument has also been used in opera and choral music. Musical theatre scores also can include parts for saxophone, sometimes doubling another woodwind or brass instrument.

====Selected works of the repertoire====
{{Main|List of concert works for saxophone}}
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* ''Fantasie sur un thème original'' (1860)—[[Jules Demersseman]]
* [[Rhapsodie for saxophone and orchestra|Rapsodie pour orchestre et saxophone]] (1901)—[[Claude Debussy]]
* ''Légende'', symphonic suite for chromatic harp, alto saxophone and strings (1903)–[[André Caplet]]<ref name=cottrell/>
* ''Choral varié, Op.55'' (1903)—[[Vincent d'Indy]]
* ''Impressions d'automne'', Elegy for alto saxophone, oboe, 2 clarinets, basson, harp, organ and 2 cellos (1905)–[[André Caplet]]<ref name=cottrell>{{cite book | access-date = 5 November 2022 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FOGePkUyKPAC&pg=RA2-PT242 | title = The Saxophone | first = Stephen |last=Cottrell | date =2013 | publisher = Yale University Press | isbn=978-0300190953 }}</ref>
* ''Légende, Op.66'' (1918)—[[Florent Schmitt]]
* Saxophone Concerto (1934)—[[Lars-Erik Larsson]]
* [[Saxophone Concerto (Glazunov)|Concerto in E{{music|b}} major for alto saxophone and orchestra]] (1934)<br />—[[Alexander Glazunov]]
* ''[[Concertino da camera (Ibert)|Concertino da camera]]'' (1935)—[[Jacques Ibert]]
* ''Aria pour saxophone alto'' (1936)—[[Eugène Bozza]]
* Sonata for alto saxophone and piano (1937)—[[Bernhard Heiden]]
* ''Scaramouche'' for alto saxophone and piano (1937)—[[Darius Milhaud]]
* Ballade for Alto Saxophone (1938)—[[Henri Tomasi]]
* Sonata for alto saxophone and piano, Op. 19 (1939)—[[Paul Creston]]
* Sonata for alto saxophone and piano (1943)—[[Paul Hindemith]]
* Concerto for alto saxophone and orchestra, Op. 26 (1944)—Paul Creston
* Concerto for alto saxophone and orchestra (1948)—[[Ingolf Dahl]]
* [[Fantasia for saxophone, three horns, and strings]] (1948)—[[Heitor Villa-Lobos]]
* Concerto for alto saxophone and orchestra (1949)—[[Henri Tomasi]]
* ''[[Tableaux de Provence]]'' (1955)—[[Paule Maurice]]
* ''Prélude, cadence et finale'' (1956)—[[Alfred Desenclos]]
* Saxophone Concerto (1958)—[[Erland von Koch]]
* Concerto for alto saxophone and orchestra (1959)—[[Pierre Max Dubois]]
* ''Élégie et rondeau pour saxophone alto et orchestre'' (1961)—[[Karel Husa]]
* Sonata for alto saxophone (1970)—[[Edison Denisov]]
* Sonata for alto saxophone and piano, Op. 29 (1970)—[[Robert Muczynski]]
* ''[[Fantasia on Auld Lang Syne]]'' for 16 saxophones (1976)—[[Ernest Tomlinson]]
* [[Panic (Birtwistle)|Panic]] for alto saxophone, jazz drum kit, winds and percussion (1995)—[[Harrison Birtwistle]]
* Concerto for Saxophone Quartet (1995)—[[Philip Glass]]<ref>{{cite web|website=Music.indiana.edu|title=Recommended Saxophone Repertoire Alto Saxophone Level III|url=http://music.indiana.edu/departments/academic/woodwinds/files/saxophone/alto-sax-level3-rep.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Steven |last=Mauk |url=http://www.ithaca.edu/faculty/mauk/repertoire.html |title=Selected Repertoire |publisher=Ithaca.edu |access-date=2014-05-19}}</ref>
* Because It Has a Song (2010) - James Barger
* Concerto for Alto Saxophone and Orchestra (2013)—[[John Adams (composer)|John Adams]]
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====Selected saxophone quartets====
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* Premier Quatuor [Quartet No. 1], Op. 53 (1857) — [[Jean-Baptiste Singelée]]
* Quartette [Quartet] (1879) — Caryl Florio
* Saxophone Quartet in B{{Music|flat}}, Op.109 (1932) — [[Alexander Glazunov]]
* ''Introduction et variations sur une ronde populaire'' (1934) — [[Gabriel Pierné]]
* ''Andante et Scherzo'' for saxophone quartet (1938) — [[Eugène Bozza]]
* Variations Saxophoniques (1939) – [[Fernande Decruck]]
* Quatuor pour Saxophones [Quartet for Saxophones], Op. 102 (1939)<br />— [[Florent Schmitt]]
* Quatuor pour Saxophones [Quartet for Saxophones] (1956)<br />— [[Pierre Max Dubois]]
* Quatuor [Quartet] (1962) — [[Alfred Desenclos]]
* Suite for Saxophone Quartet (1979) — [[Paul Creston]]
* Just for Show (1985) — [[Lennie Niehaus]]
* Pollywog's Lake Talk (1986) — Barry Ulman
* ''XAS'' (1987) — [[Iannis Xenakis]]
* Back Burner (1989) — [[Frank Ticheli]]
* Recitation Book (2006) — [[David Maslanka]]
* Strange Humors (2008) — [[John Mackey (composer)]]
* Black (2012) — [[Marc Mellits]]
* Polar Vortex (2014) — Chris Evan Hass
* In Memoriam (2015) — Joel Love
* Volcanic Ash (2017) — Chris Evan Hass
* Altera (2017) — Max Gray
* Impressions (2020) — Randy Stagich
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====Selected chamber-music pieces with saxophone====
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* [[Nonet (Villa-Lobos)|Nonet]] (1923) – [[Heitor Villa-Lobos]]
* ''[[Chôros No. 7]]'' (1924) – Heitor Villa-Lobos
* ''[[Chôros No. 3]]'' (1925) – Heitor Villa-Lobos
* Quartet for clarinet, tenor saxophone, violin, and piano, Op. 22 (1930)<br />– [[Anton Webern]]
* ''The Flowering Peach'', Op. 125, for clarinet, saxophone, percussion (timpani, tam-tam, vibraphone, glockenspiel), harp and celesta (1954)<br />– [[Alan Hovhaness]]
* ''Prometheus'' for flute, oboe, cor anglais, clarinet, saxophone, and bassoon (1967) – [[Brian Ferneyhough]]
* ''[[Klang (Stockhausen)#Twelfth Hour: Erwachen|Erwachen]]'', Nr. 92 (2007) – [[Karlheinz Stockhausen]]
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====Selected orchestral pieces with saxophones====
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* ''[[L'Arlésienne (Bizet)|L'Arlésienne]]'' (1872) – [[Georges Bizet]]
* ''[[Sylvia (ballet)|Sylvia]]'' (1876) – [[Léo Delibes]]
* ''[[Symphonia Domestica]]'' (1904) – [[Richard Strauss]]
* ''[[The Wooden Prince]]'' (1917) – [[Béla Bartók]]
* ''[[Pictures at an Exhibition]]'' (1922 Ravel version)<br />– [[Modest Mussorgsky]]/Maurice Ravel
* ''[[Boléro]]'' (1928) – [[Maurice Ravel]]
* ''[[La création du monde]]'' (1923) – [[Darius Milhaud]]
* [[Symphony No. 4 (Ives)|Symphony No. 4]] (1924) – [[Charles Ives]]
* ''[[Rhapsody in Blue]]'' (1924) – [[George Gershwin]]
* ''[[Chôros No. 8]]'' (1925) – Heitor Villa-Lobos
* ''[[Háry János]]'' (1926) – [[Zoltán Kodály]]
* ''[[Chôros No. 10]]'' (1926) – Heitor Villa-Lobos 
* [[Piano Concerto (Copland)|Piano Concerto]] (1926) – [[Aaron Copland]]
* ''[[An American in Paris]]'' (1928) – George Gershwin
* [[Symphony for Organ and Orchestra (Copland)|Symphony No. 1]] (1928) – Aaron Copland
* ''[[Der Wein]]'' (1929) – Alban Berg
* ''[[The Golden Age (Shostakovich)|The Golden Age]]'' (1930) – [[Dmitri Shostakovich]]
* ''[[Belshazzar's Feast (Walton)|Belshazzar's Feast]]'' (1931) – [[William Walton]]
* ''[[Job: A Masque for Dancing]]'' (1931) – [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]]
* [[Suite for Jazz Orchestra No. 1 (Shostakovich)|Suite No. 1]] (1931) – Dmitri Shostakovich
* ''[[Uirapuru (Villa-Lobos)|Uirapuru]]'' (1934) – Heitor Villa-Lobos
* ''[[Lieutenant Kijé (Prokofiev)|Lieutenant Kijé]]'' (1934) – [[Sergei Prokofiev]]
* [[Violin Concerto (Berg)|Violin Concerto]] (1935) – [[Alban Berg]]
* [[Suite for Jazz Orchestra No. 2 (Shostakovich)|Suite No. 2]] (1938) – Dmitri Shostakovich
* ''[[Romeo and Juliet (Prokofiev)|Romeo and Juliet]]'' (1938) – Sergei Prokofiev
* ''[[Alexander Nevsky (Prokofiev)|Alexander Nevsky]]'' (1938) – Sergei Prokofiev
* ''[[Symphonic Dances (Rachmaninoff)|Symphonic Dances]]'' (1940) – [[Sergei Rachmaninoff]]
* ''[[Sinfonia da Requiem]]'' (1940) – [[Benjamin Britten]]
* ''[[Chôros No. 11]]'' (1928–41) – Heitor Villa-Lobos
* ''[[Chôros No. 6]]'' (1925–42) – Heitor Villa-Lobos
* ''[[Chôros No. 12]]'' (1925–45) – Heitor Villa-Lobos
* [[Symphony No. 6 (Vaughan Williams)|Symphony No. 6]] (1947) – Ralph Vaughan Williams
* ''[[On the Waterfront]]'' (1954) – [[Leonard Bernstein]]
* [[Symphony No. 9 (Vaughan Williams)|Symphony No. 9]] (1957) – Ralph Vaughan Williams
* ''[[Suite for Variety Orchestra (Shostakovich)|Suite for Variety Orchestra]]'' (post-1956) – Dmitri Shostakovich
* ''[[The Prince of the Pagodas]]'' (1957) – Benjamin Britten
* ''[[Gruppen]]'' (1955–57) – Karlheinz Stockhausen
* ''[[Carré (Stockhausen)|Carré]]'' (1959–60) – Karlheinz Stockhausen
* ''Déclarations d'orage'' for reciter, soprano, baritone, three improvising instruments (alto saxophone, tuba, synthesizer), large orchestra and tape (1988–89) – [[Henri Pousseur]]
* ''[[City Noir]]'' (2009) – [[John Adams (composer)|John Adams]]
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====Selected operas and musicals with saxophones====
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* ''[[Le roi de Lahore|Le Roi de Lahore]]'' (1877) [[Jules Massenet]]
* ''[[Hérodiade]]'' (1881) – Jules Massenet
* ''[[Werther]]'' (1892) – Jules Massenet
* ''[[Turandot]]'' (1926) – [[Giacomo Puccini]]
* ''[[Jonny spielt auf]]'' (1927) – [[Ernst Krenek]]
* ''[[Neues vom Tage]]'' (1929) – [[Paul Hindemith]]
* ''[[Lulu (opera)|Lulu]]'' (1937) – Alban Berg
* ''[[Billy Budd (opera)|Billy Budd]]'' (1951) – Benjamin Britten
* ''[[West Side Story]]'' (1957) – Leonard Bernstein
* ''[[We Come to the River]]'' (1976) – [[Hans Werner Henze]]
* ''[[Samstag aus Licht]]'' (1984) – Karlheinz Stockhausen
* ''[[Nixon in China]]'' (1987) – John Adams
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