Editing Salmonella (section)

=== Epidemiology ===
Due to being considered sporadic, between 60% and 80% of salmonella infections cases go undiagnosed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/salmonella-(non-typhoidal)|title=Salmonella (non-typhoidal)|website=www.who.int|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref> In March 2010, data analysis was completed to estimate an [[Incidence (epidemiology)|incidence]] rate of 1140 per 100,000 person-years. In the same analysis, 93.8&nbsp;million cases of [[gastroenteritis]] were due to salmonella infections. At the 5th percentile the estimated amount was 61.8&nbsp;million cases and at the 95th percentile the estimated amount was 131.6&nbsp;million cases. The estimated number of deaths due to salmonella was approximately 155,000 deaths.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Majowicz SE, Musto J, Scallan E, Angulo FJ, Kirk M, O'Brien SJ, Jones TF, Fazil A, Hoekstra RM | title = The global burden of nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis | journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases | volume = 50 | issue = 6 | pages = 882–889 | date = March 2010 | pmid = 20158401 | doi = 10.1086/650733 | doi-access = free }}</ref> In 2014, in countries such as Bulgaria and Portugal, children under 4 were 32 and 82 times more likely, respectively, to have a salmonella infection.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/salmonellosis-annual-epidemiological-report-2016-2014-data|title=Salmonellosis - Annual Epidemiological Report 2016 [2014 data]|date=2016-01-31|website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref>  Those who are most susceptible to infection are: children, pregnant women, elderly people, and those with deficient immune systems.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA|date=2019-06-06|title=Get the Facts about Salmonella!|url=https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/get-facts-about-salmonella}}</ref>

Risk factors for Salmonella infections include a variety of foods. Meats such as chicken and pork have the possibility to be contaminated. A variety of vegetables and sprouts may also have salmonella. Lastly, a variety of processed foods such as chicken nuggets and pot pies may also contain this bacteria.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/general/prevention.html|title=Prevention {{!}} General Information {{!}} Salmonella {{!}} CDC|date=2019-03-06|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref>

Successful forms of prevention come from existing entities such as the [[FDA]], [[United States Department of Agriculture]], and the [[Food Safety and Inspection Service]]. All of these organizations create standards and inspections to ensure public safety in the [[U.S.]] For example, the [[FSIS]] agency working with the USDA has a Salmonella Action Plan in place. Recently, it received a two-year plan update in February 2016. Their accomplishments and strategies to reduce Salmonella infection are presented in the plans.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/food-safety-education/get-answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/foodborne-illness-and-disease/salmonella/sap|title=Salmonella|website=fsis.usda.gov}}</ref> The [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] also provides valuable information on preventative care, such has how to safely handle raw foods, and the correct way to store these products. In the [[European Union]], the [[European Food Safety Authority]] created preventative measures through risk management and risk assessment. From 2005 to 2009, the EFSA placed an approach to reduce exposure to ''Salmonella''. Their approach included risk assessment and risk management of poultry, which resulted in a reduction of infection cases by one half.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/salmonella|title=Salmonella|website=European Food Safety Authority|access-date=2019-12-05}}</ref> In [[Latin America]] an orally administered vaccine for Salmonella in poultry developed by Dr. Sherry Layton has been introduced which prevents the bacteria from contaminating the birds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.terrapinn.com/conference/world-vaccine-congress-washington/speaker-sherry-LAYTON.stm|title=Content not found|date=3 March 2022}}</ref>

A recent ''Salmonella'' Typhimurium outbreak has been linked to chocolate produced in Belgium, leading to the country halting Kinder chocolate production.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Samarasekera U | title = Salmonella Typhimurium outbreak linked to chocolate | journal = The Lancet. Infectious Diseases | volume = 22 | issue = 7 | page = 947 | date = July 2022 | pmid = 35636448 | doi = 10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00351-6 | s2cid = 249136373 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-15 |title=Kinder recall: ECDC urges further investigation at Belgian plant |url=https://www.euronews.com/health/2022/04/15/chocolate-cheese-and-pizza-what-s-going-on-with-food-recalls-across-europe |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=euronews |language=en}}</ref>