Editing Renminbi (section)

==Issuance==
{{More citations needed section|date=June 2021}}
As of 2019, renminbi banknotes are available in denominations of ¥0.1, ¥0.5 (1 and 5 jiao), ¥1, ¥5, ¥10, ¥20, ¥50 and ¥100. These denominations have been available since 1955, except for the ¥20 notes (added in 1999 with the fifth series) ¥50 and ¥100 notes (added in 1987 with the fourth series). Coins are available in denominations from ¥0.01 to ¥1 (¥0.01–1). Thus some denominations exist in both coins and banknotes. On rare occasions, larger yuan coin denominations such as ¥5 have been issued to commemorate events but use of these outside of collecting has never been widespread.{{cn|date=November 2024}}

The denomination of each banknote is printed in [[simplified Chinese characters|simplified]] [[written Chinese]]. The numbers themselves are printed in financial{{efn|A set of numeral characters used traditionally in financial and accounting settings, not used in daily writing; see [[Chinese numerals#Standard numbers]]}} [[Chinese numeral]] characters, as well as [[Arabic numerals]]. The denomination and the words "People's Bank of China" are also printed in [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]], [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]], [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] and [[Standard Zhuang|Zhuang]] on the back of each banknote, in addition to the boldface [[Hanyu Pinyin]] "Zhongguo Renmin Yinhang" (without tones). The right front of the note has a tactile representation of the denomination in [[Mainland Chinese Braille|Chinese Braille]] starting from the fourth series. See [[#Minority|corresponding section]] for detailed information.{{cn|date=November 2024}}<!-- [[File:Yuan collection.jpg|thumb|200px|Collection of Chinese yuan (renminbi) banknotes. {{frac|10}} yuan to 10 yuan notes are of the [[fourth series of the renminbi]]. 20 to 100 yuan (red) are of the [[fifth series of the renminbi]]. The polymer note on the lower right commemorates the third millennium.]] -->

The ''fen'' and ''jiao'' denominations have become increasingly unnecessary as prices have increased. Coins under ¥0.1 are used infrequently. Chinese retailers tend to avoid fractional values (such as ¥9.99), opting instead to round to the nearest yuan (such as ¥9 or ¥10).<ref>{{cite news | author= Coldness Kwan | title= Do you get one fen change at Origus? | url= http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-03/06/content_821037.htm | newspaper= China Daily | date= 6 March 2007 | access-date= 26 March 2007 | archive-date= 11 March 2007 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070311205825/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-03/06/content_821037.htm | url-status= live }}</ref>

===Coins===
In 1953, [[aluminium]] ¥0.01, ¥0.02, and ¥0.05 coins began being struck for circulation, and were first introduced in 1955. These depict the [[National Emblem of the People's Republic of China|national emblem]] on the [[Obverse and reverse|obverse]] (front) and the name and denomination framed by [[wheat]] stalks on the reverse (back). In 1980, [[brass]] ¥0.1, ¥0.2, and ¥0.5 and [[cupro-nickel]] ¥1 coins were added, although the ¥0.1 and ¥0.2 were only produced until 1981, with the last ¥0.5 and ¥1 issued in 1985. All jiǎo coins depicted similar designs to the fēn coins while the yuán depicted the [[Great Wall of China]].

In 1991, a new coinage was introduced, consisting of an aluminium ¥0.1, brass ¥0.5 and [[nickel]]-[[Cladding (metalworking)|clad]] [[steel]] ¥1. These were smaller than the previous jiǎo and yuán coins and depicted flowers on the obverse and the national emblem on the reverse. Issuance of the aluminium ¥0.01 and ¥0.02 coins ceased in 1991, with that of the ¥0.05 halting in 1994. The small coins were still struck for annual [[Uncirculated coin|uncirculated]] [[Coin set|mint sets]] in limited quantities, and from the beginning of 2005, the ¥0.01 coin got a new lease on life by being issued again every year since then up to present.

New designs of the ¥0.1, ¥0.5 (now brass-[[Plating|plated]] steel), and ¥1 (nickel-plated steel) were again introduced in between 1999 and 2002. The ¥0.1 was significantly reduced in size, and in 2005 its composition was changed from aluminium to more durable nickel-plated steel. An updated version of these coins was announced in 2019. While the overall design is unchanged, all coins including the ¥0.5 are now of nickel-plated steel, and the ¥1 coin was reduced in size.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://numismag.com/en/2019/04/30/new-chinese-coins-of-1-yuan-0-5-yuan-and-0-1-yuan-2019/|title=New Chinese coins of 1 yuan, 0.5 yuan and 0.1 yuan – 2019New Chinese coins of 1 yuan, 0.5 yuan and 0.1 yuan – 2019|date=30 April 2019|access-date=3 June 2021|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603132800/https://numismag.com/en/2019/04/30/new-chinese-coins-of-1-yuan-0-5-yuan-and-0-1-yuan-2019/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-08/30/c_138351669.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831022944/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-08/30/c_138351669.htm|archive-date=31 August 2019|title = China issues new edition of renminbi bills, coins – Xinhua &#124; English.news.cn}}</ref>

The frequency of usage of coins varies between different parts of China, with coins typically being more popular in urban areas (with 5-jiǎo and 1-yuán coins used in vending machines), and small notes being more popular in rural areas. Older fēn and large jiǎo coins are uncommonly still seen in circulation, but are still valid in exchange.

===Banknotes===
As of 2023, there have been five series of renminbi banknotes issued by the People's Republic of China:<ref>H. Wang and F. Boecking, Money, https://maoeraobjects.ac.uk/object-biographies/money/ accessed 23 Sept 2023.</ref><ref>Schwartz, Peter J. 'The Ideological Antecedents of the First-Series Renminbi Worker-and�Peasant Banknote or What Mao Tse-tung May Have Owed to Dziga Vertov'. ''Transcultural Studies'', Jul 2014.</ref><ref>Tim F. Liao and Cuntong Wang, 'The Changing Face of Money: Forging Collective Memory with Chinese Banknote Designs', China Review vol. 18, no. 2, Special themed section: Frontiers and Ethnic Groups in China (May 2018): 87-120.</ref><ref>Helen Wang, 'Mao on Money', East Asia Journal vol.1, no.2 (2004): 86-97.</ref>
* The [[first series of the renminbi|first series of renminbi banknotes]] was issued on 1 December 1948, by the newly founded [[People's Bank of China]]. It introduced notes in denominations of ¥1, ¥5, ¥10, ¥20, ¥50, ¥100 and ¥1,000 yuan. Notes for ¥200, ¥500, ¥5,000 and ¥10,000 followed in 1949, with ¥50,000 notes added in 1950. A total of 62 different designs were issued. The notes were officially withdrawn on various dates between 1 April and 10 May 1955. The name "first series" was given retroactively in 1950, after work began to design a new series.<ref name="中华人民共和国第一套人民币概述"/>
:These first renminbi notes were printed with the words "[[People's Bank of China]]", "[[Republic of China]]", and the denomination, written in Chinese characters by [[Dong Biwu]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cjiyou.net/html/2007-10/34498.htm |title=中国最早的一张人民币 |publisher=Cjiyou.net |date=22 October 2007 |access-date=6 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207141523/http://www.cjiyou.net/html/2007-10/34498.htm |archive-date=7 December 2008 }}</ref>
* The [[second series of the renminbi|second series of renminbi banknotes]] was introduced on 1 March 1955 (but dated 1953). Each note has the words "People's Bank of China" as well as the denomination in the [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]], [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]], [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] and [[Standard Zhuang|Zhuang]] languages on the back, which has since appeared in each series of renminbi notes. The denominations available in banknotes were ¥0.01, ¥0.02, ¥0.05, ¥0.1, ¥0.2, ¥0.5, ¥1, ¥2, ¥3, ¥5 and ¥10. Except for the three fen denominations and the ¥3 which were withdrawn, notes in these denominations continued to circulate. Good examples of this series have gained high status with banknote collectors. 
* The [[third series of the renminbi|third series of renminbi banknotes]] was introduced on 15 April 1962, though many denominations were dated 1960. New dates would be issued as stocks of older dates were gradually depleted. The sizes and design layout of the notes had changed but not the order of colours for each denomination. For the next two decades, the second and third series banknotes were used concurrently. The denominations were of ¥0.1, ¥0.2, ¥0.5, ¥1, ¥2, ¥5 and ¥10. The third series was phased out during the 1990s and then was recalled completely on 1 July 2000.
* The [[fourth series of the renminbi|fourth series of renminbi banknotes]] was introduced between 1987 and 1997, although the banknotes were dated 1980, 1990, or 1996. They were withdrawn from circulation on 1 May 2019. Banknotes are available in denominations of ¥0.1, ¥0.2, ¥0.5, ¥1, ¥2, ¥5, ¥10, ¥50 and ¥100. Like previous issues, the colour designation for already existing denominations remained in effect. The second to fourth series of renminbi banknotes were designed by professors at the Central Academy of Art including [[Luo Gongliu]] and Zhou Lingzhao. 
* The [[fifth series of the renminbi|fifth series of renminbi banknotes]] and coins was progressively introduced from its introduction in 1999. This series also bears the issue years 2005 (all except ¥1), 2015 (¥100 only) and 2019 (¥1, ¥10, ¥20 and ¥50). As of 2019, it includes banknotes for ¥1, ¥5, ¥10, ¥20, ¥50 and ¥100. Significantly, the fifth series uses the portrait of [[Chinese Communist Party]] chairman [[Mao Zedong]] on all banknotes, in place of the various leaders, workers and representations of China's ethnic groups which had been featured previously. During this series new security features were added, the ¥2 denomination was discontinued, the colour pattern for each note was changed and a new denomination of ¥20 was introduced for this series. A revised series of coins of ¥0.1, ¥0.5 and ¥1 and banknotes of ¥1, ¥10, ¥20 and ¥50 were issued for general circulation on 30 August 2019. The ¥5 banknote of the fifth series was issued in November 2020 with new printing technology in a bid to reduce counterfeiting of Chinese currency.

===Commemorative issues of the renminbi banknotes===
{{main|Commemorative banknotes of the renminbi}}
In 1999, a commemorative red ¥50 note was issued in honour of the 50th anniversary of the establishment of the People's Republic of China. This note features [[Chinese Communist Party]] [[Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party|chairman]] [[Mao Zedong]] on the front and various animals on the back.

An orange [[polymer banknote|polymer note]], commemorating the new millennium was issued in 2000 with a face value of ¥100. This features a [[Chinese dragon|dragon]] on the obverse and the reverse features the China Millennium monument (at the Center for Cultural and Scientific Fairs).

For the [[2008 Summer Olympics|2008 Beijing Olympics]], a green ¥10 note was issued featuring the [[Beijing National Stadium|Bird's Nest Stadium]] on the front with the back showing a classical Olympic [[discus]] thrower and various other athletes.

On 26 November 2015, the People's Bank of China issued a blue ¥100 commemorative note to honour China's aerospace science and technology.<ref>[http://banknotenews.com/files/e2786e68fc83280d97560edae1c1a155-3685.php China new 100-yuan aerospace commemorative note reported for 26.11.2015 introduction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118090616/http://www.banknotenews.com/files/e2786e68fc83280d97560edae1c1a155-3685.php |date=18 November 2015 }} BanknoteNews.com. 6 November 2015. Retrieved on 18 November 2015.</ref><ref>[http://www.pbc.gov.cn/goutongjiaoliu/113456/113469/2973267/index.html 中国人民银行公告〔2015〕第33号] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423011421/http://www.pbc.gov.cn/goutongjiaoliu/113456/113469/2973267/index.html |date=23 April 2021 }} The People's Bank of China (www.pbc.gov.cn). Retrieved on 18 November 2015.</ref>

In commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the Renminbi, the People's Bank of China issued 120&nbsp;million ¥50 banknotes on 28 December 2018.

In recognition of the imminent [[2022 Winter Olympics]], the People's Bank of China issued ¥20 commemorative banknotes in both paper and polymer in December 2021.

In recognition of the imminent 2024 and 2025 [[Chinese New Year]] celebrations, the People's Bank of China issued ¥20 commemorative banknotes in polymer.

===Use in ethnic minority regions of China===
[[File:RMB2-5yan-1B.gif|thumb|right|The [[second series of the renminbi]] had the most readable minority languages text, but no Zhuang text on it. Its issue of ¥0.1–0.5 even highlighted the Mongolian text.]]
[[File:RMB10 PBOC languages.JPG|thumb|right|"People's Bank of China Ten Yuan" written in five different languages on the [[fifth series of the renminbi]]. From top to bottom and left to right: [[Pinyin|Mandarin pinyin]], [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]], [[Standard Tibetan|Tibetan]], [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]], and [[Standard Zhuang|Zhuang]] languages.]]
[[File:RMB1-5000-3B.gif|thumb|right|A special edition designed for [[Inner Mongolia]] in the [[first series of the renminbi]].]]

The renminbi yuan has different names when used in ethnic minority regions of China. 
* When used in [[Inner Mongolia]] and other [[Template:Mongol autonomy in the People's Republic of China|Mongol autonomies]], a yuan is called a '''tugreg''' ({{langx|mn|{{MongolUnicode|ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ᠌}}, төгрөг}} ''tügürig''). However, when used in the republic of [[Mongolia]], it is still named '''yuani''' ({{lang|mn|юань}}) to differentiate it from [[Mongolian tögrög]] ({{lang|mn|төгрөг}}). One Chinese tügürig (tugreg) is divided into 100 '''mönggü''' ({{lang|mn|{{MongolUnicode|ᠮᠥᠩᠭᠦ}}, мөнгө}}), one Chinese jiao is labeled "10 mönggü". In [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]], renminbi is called '''aradin jogos''' or '''arad-un jogos''' ({{lang|mn|{{MongolUnicode|ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠭᠣᠰ}}, ардын зоос}} ''arad-un ǰoγos'').
* When used in [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] and other [[Template:Tibetan autonomy in the People's Republic of China|Tibetan autonomies]], a yuan is called a '''gor''' ({{bo|t=སྒོར་|z=Gor}}). One gor is divided into 10 '''gorsur''' ({{bo|t=སྒོར་ཟུར་|z=Gorsur}}) or 100 '''gar''' ({{Bo|t=སྐར་|z=gar}}). In [[Tibetan languages|Tibetan]], renminbi is called '''mimangxogngü''' ({{bo|t=མི་དམངས་ཤོག་དངུལ།|z=Mimang Xogngü}}) or '''mimang shog ngul'''.
* When used in the Uyghur autonomous region of [[Xinjiang]], the renminbi is called '''Xelq puli''' ({{langx|ug|خەلق پۇلى}})

===Production and minting===
Renminbi currency production is carried out by a state owned corporation, [[China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation]] ('''CBPMC'''; {{lang|zh|中国印钞造币总公司}}) headquartered in [[Beijing]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbpm.cn/cn/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504224841/http://www.cbpm.cn/English/|script-title=zh:中国印钞造币总公司官网|archive-date=4 May 2013|website=www.cbpm.cn}}</ref> CBPMC uses several printing, engraving and [[Mint (facility)|minting]] facilities around the country to produce banknotes and coins for subsequent distribution. Banknote printing facilities are based in Beijing, [[Shanghai]], [[Chengdu]], [[Xi'an]], [[Shijiazhuang]], and [[Nanchang]]. Mints are located in [[Nanjing]], Shanghai, and [[Shenyang]]. Also, high grade paper for the banknotes is produced at two facilities in [[Baoding]] and Kunshan. The Baoding facility is the largest facility in the world dedicated to developing banknote material according to its website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbpmc.com.cn/ssqy/bdyc/gyqy_fzlc.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303133421/http://www.cbpmc.com.cn/ssqy/bdyc/gyqy_fzlc.htm|script-title=zh:保定钞票纸厂|archive-date=3 March 2009}}</ref> In addition, the [[People's Bank of China]] has its own printing technology research division that researches new techniques for creating banknotes and making counterfeiting more difficult.

===Suggested future design===
On 13 March 2006, some delegates to an advisory body at the [[National People's Congress]] proposed to include [[Sun Yat-sen]] and [[Deng Xiaoping]] on the renminbi banknotes. However, the proposal was not adopted.<ref>{{cite news|author=Quentin Sommerville|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4801486.stm|title=China mulls Mao banknote change|work=[[BBC News]]|date=13 March 2006|access-date=18 March 2007|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423025544/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4801486.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>