Editing Reconquista (section)

====Kingdom of León (910–1230)====
{{Main|Kingdom of León|Kingdom of Galicia|County of Portugal|Portugal in the Reconquista}}
[[Alfonso III of Asturias]] repopulated the strategically important city [[León, Spain|Leon]] and established it as his capital. King Alfonso began a series of campaigns to establish control over all the lands north of the [[Douro]] river. He reorganised his territories into the major duchies ([[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] and Portugal) and major counties ([[Saldaña, Palencia|Saldaña]] and Castile), and fortified the borders with many castles. At his death in 910 the shift in regional power was completed as the kingdom became the [[Kingdom of León]]. From this power base, his heir [[Ordoño II of León|Ordoño II]] was able to organize attacks against [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]] and even [[Seville]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chapter Four |url=http://somosprimos.com/michaelperez/ribera4/ribera4.htm |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=somosprimos.com}}</ref>

The [[Caliphate of Córdoba]] was gaining power, and began to attack Leon. King Ordoño allied with Navarre against Abd-al-Rahman, but they were [[battle of Valdejunquera|defeated in Valdejunquera]] in 920. For the next 80 years, the Kingdom of León suffered civil wars, Moorish attack, internal intrigues and assassinations, and the partial independence of Galicia and Castile, thus delaying the reconquest and weakening the Christian forces. It was not until the following century that the Christians started to see their conquests as part of a long-term effort to restore the unity of the Visigothic kingdom.{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}}

The only point during this period when the situation became hopeful for Leon was the reign of [[Ramiro II of León|Ramiro II]]. King Ramiro, in alliance with [[Fernán González of Castile]] and his retinue of ''caballeros villanos'', [[battle of Simancas|defeated the Caliph in Simancas]] in 939. After this battle, when the Caliph barely escaped with his guard and the rest of the army was destroyed, King Ramiro obtained 12 years of peace, but he had to give González the independence of Castile as payment for his help in the battle. After this defeat, Moorish attacks abated until [[Almanzor]] began his campaigns. [[Alfonso V of León|Alfonso V]] finally regained control over his domains in 1002. Navarre, though attacked by Almanzor, remained intact.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fernán González {{!}} count of Castile {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fernan-Gonzalez |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

The conquest of Leon did not include Galicia which was left to temporary independence after the withdrawal of the Leonese king. Galicia was conquered soon after (by Ferdinand, son of Sancho the Great, around 1038). Subsequent kings titled themselves kings of Galicia and Leon, instead of merely king of Leon as the two were in a [[personal union]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sancho III (king of Navarre) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sancho-iii-king-navarre |access-date=2023-06-16 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref>

At the end of the 11th century, King [[Alfonso VI of León and Castile|Afonso VI of León]] reached the Tagus (1085), repeating the same policy of alliances and developing collaboration with [[Franks|Frankish]] knights. The original ''[[repoblación]]'' was then complete. His aim was to create a Hispanic empire like the [[Visigothic Kingdom]] (418–720) to reclaim his hegemony over the entire [[Iberian Peninsula]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=El yermo estratégico del Desierto del Duero – Observatorio de Seguridad y Defensa |url=https://observatorio.cisde.es/archivo/el-yermo-estrategico-del-desierto-del-duero/ |access-date=2024-03-19 |language=es-ES}}</ref> Within this context, the territory between the [[Douro]] and the [[Tagus]] was repopulated and a western nucleus was formed in [[Portugal in the Middle Ages|Portugal that wanted independence]].<ref name=":02">Porto Editora – Reconquista Cristã na Infopédia [em linha]. Porto: Porto Editora. [consult. 2024-03-19 17:48:31]. Disponível em https://www.infopedia.pt/$reconquista-crista</ref> This marks the beginning of the [[Portugal in the Reconquista|Portuguese ''Repovoação'' ou ''Repovoamento'']] occurred during the reigns of the [[Portuguese House of Burgundy|House of Burgundy]] up to the middle of the thirteenth century when the [[Portugal in the Reconquista|Portuguese Reconquista]] was also brought to an end with the ultimate conquering of [[Gharb al-Andalus]] when in March 1249 the city of [[Faro, Portugal|Faro]] was conquered by [[Afonso III of Portugal]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Reconquista Cristã |url=https://historiaonline.com/glossario/reconquista-crista/ |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=História Online |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref name=":02" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Higounet |first=Charles |date=1953 |title=La Reconquista española y la repoblación del país. Escuela de estudios medievales, Inst. de Estudios pirenaicos |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/hispa_0007-4640_1953_num_55_2_3359_t1_0206_0000_2 |journal=Bulletin Hispanique |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=206–208}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite web |title=Reconquista española: qué fue y sus características |url=https://humanidades.com/reconquista-espanola/ |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=humanidades.com/ |language=es-ES}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite web |title=Reconquista da Península Ibérica – Conheça a História |url=https://www.brasilparalelo.com.br/artigos/reconquista-da-peninsula-iberica |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=www.brasilparalelo.com.br |language=pt}}</ref>