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R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company
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==Facilities== ===Downtown=== R. J. Reynolds built the "Little Red Factory" in 1892. It was uncertain whether it was torn down or made a part of Building 256-1, one of several red brick buildings on Chestnut Street built between 1911 and 1925. Much of the Building 256 complex burned in one of the city's worst fires ever on August 27, 1998, when the former factories were being renovated for [[Piedmont Triad Research Park]]. Albert Hall, or Building 256-9, was made of [[concrete]] and did not burn but had smoke damage; it was used for training until 1990 and was being renovated in 1998.<ref name=Kristin/> In 1916, the first of five buildings known as Plant 64 between Fourth and Fifth Streets was built.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.journalnow.com/news/local/plant-project-gets-ok-from-historic-commission/article_9e386b38-0b9a-11e3-889f-001a4bcf6878.html|title=Plant 64 project gets OK from historic commission|last=Daniel|first=Fran|work=Winston-Salem Journal|date=2013-08-22|access-date=2019-06-05}}</ref> The 400,000-square-foot Plant 64 was the oldest remaining Reynolds plant when it was renovated at a cost of $55 million into 242 apartments, with the first residents moving in on July 1, 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/29/realestate/commercial/technology-overtakes-tobacco-in-winston-salem-nc.html|title=Technology Overtakes Tobacco in Winston-Salem, N.C.|last=Schneider|first=Keith|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=2015-04-28|access-date=2019-06-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://hub.innovationquarter.com/2014/06/09/plant-64-welcomes-residents/|title=Plant 64 Welcomes Residents|publisher=[[Wake Forest Innovation Quarter]]|date=2014-06-09|access-date=2019-10-30}}</ref> The last building used for making cigarettes downtown was Building No. 12 across Second Street from the Building 256 complex, which [[Forsyth County, North Carolina|Forsyth County]] bought when manufacturing ended there in 1990;<ref name=Kristin>{{cite news|title=No. 256 Complex Had Long History: Many Workers and Many Tobacco Products Passed Through the Old Buildings|last=Scheve|first=Kristin|work=Winston-Salem Journal|date=1998-09-28|page=A12}}</ref> finished in 1916,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/223792/forsyth-county-government-center-winston-salem-nc-usa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606152604/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/223792/forsyth-county-government-center-winston-salem-nc-usa|url-status=usurped|archive-date=June 6, 2019|title=Forsyth County Government Center|publisher=Emporis|access-date=2019-06-06}}</ref> it was to be renovated for county offices after an announcement in 1999.<ref>{{cite news|title=County Plans to Redo Factory As New Home; Board Would Use Old No. 12 Tobacco Building As a Headquarters for Its Administrative Units|last=Holmes|first=William L.|work=Winston-Salem Journal|date=1999-02-19|page=B1}}</ref> Building 60 was built in 1923 and later renovated.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/290715/reynolds-american-building-60-winston-salem-nc-usa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606142254/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/290715/reynolds-american-building-60-winston-salem-nc-usa|url-status=usurped|archive-date=June 6, 2019|title=Reynolds American Building 60|publisher=Emporis|access-date=2019-06-06}}</ref> Three buildings which were part of the "90 series" on Vine Street were later renovated;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.journalnow.com/business/vine-space-under-renovation-near-research-park/article_96502286-207a-11e3-ad1c-001a4bcf6878.html|title=525@Vine space under renovation near research parks|last=Craver|first=Richard|work=Winston-Salem Journal|date=2013-09-18|access-date=2019-06-06}}</ref> the one at 525 Vine was built in 1926,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.journalnow.com/business/vine-officially-opens-in-downtown-research-park/article_739d838a-f32b-11e3-b51c-0017a43b2370.html|title=525@vine officially opens in downtown research park|last=Daniel|first=Fran|work=Winston-Salem Journal|date=2014-06-13|access-date=2019-06-06}}</ref> while Buildings 90-3 and 90-1A at 635 Vine, used for tobacco processing, were built in the early 1960s.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.journalnow.com/business/inmar-to-move-support-center-into-renovated-reynolds-tobacco-buildings/article_4d70a784-358a-5058-9d77-b4bd3ebbff3e.html|title=Inmar to move support center into renovated Reynolds Tobacco buildings|last=Craver|first=Richard|work=Winston-Salem Journal|date=2012-07-31|access-date=2019-06-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/triad/news/2014/03/31/inmar-trumpets-its-arrival-in-wake-forest.html|title=Inmar trumpets its arrival in Wake Forest Innovation Quarter as 900 workers march into new HQ|last=Covington|first=Owen|work=[[Triad Business Journal]]|date=2014-03-31|access-date=2019-06-06}}</ref> Building 91, a machine shop built in 1937, was later renovated and became part of the research park.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ourstate.com/wake-forest-innovation-quarter/|title=Inside The Revamped R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Factory|last=Kelly|first=Susan Stafford|work=[[Our State]]|date=2015-02-12|access-date=2019-06-05}}</ref> Bailey Power Plant, a [[Fossil fuel power station|coal-fired plant]] built in 1947, included Buildings 23-1, 23-2 and the Morris Building, and was used until 1997 and later became part of the research park.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.journalnow.com/business/old-reynolds-sites-are-economic-building-blocks/article_38efdb2e-44ea-5ce5-8556-709b0d3d3cb1.html|title=Old Reynolds sites are economic building blocks|last=Craver|first=Richard|work=Winston-Salem Journal|date=2014-06-20|access-date=2019-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.journalnow.com/news/local/wexford-to-develop-portions-of-bailey-power-plant-at-the/article_2ea6881e-4ca0-5232-96a2-df32de41d961.html|title=Wexford to develop portions of Bailey Power Plant at the Innovation Quarter|last=Daniel|first=Fran|work=Winston-Salem Journal|date=2016-03-29|access-date=2019-06-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://workdesign.com/2019/01/the-bailey-power-plant-the-heart-of-the-wake-forest-innovation-quarter/|title=The Bailey Power Plant β The Heart of the Wake Forest Innovation Quarter|last=Shapiro|first=Elise|work=Work Design Magazine|date=2019-01-24|access-date=2019-06-05}}</ref> The company's headquarters were located in the [[Reynolds Building]] in Winston-Salem for more than 50 years. Built in 1929, the 21-story building was designed by the same [[architect]]s ([[Shreve, Lamb and Harmon|Shreve & Lamb]]) who later designed the [[Empire State Building]] in [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emporis.com/application/?nav=building&lng=3&id=123868|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120731133216/http://www.emporis.com/application/?nav=building&lng=3&id=123868|url-status=usurped|archive-date=July 31, 2012|title=Reynolds Building, Winston-Salem|publisher=[[Emporis]]|access-date=2009-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www2.journalnow.com/content/2008/oct/06/061405/rj-reynolds-tobacco-move-out-historic-building |archive-url=https://archive.today/20081009011106/http://www2.journalnow.com/content/2008/oct/06/061405/rj-reynolds-tobacco-move-out-historic-building |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-10-09 |title=R.J. Reynolds Tobacco to move out of historic building |last=Craver |first=Richard |work=[[Winston-Salem Journal]] |date=2008-10-06 |access-date=2009-12-03}}</ref> ===Reynolds Boulevard=== The first R. J. Reynolds buildings on present-day Reynolds Boulevard (formerly 33rd Street<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Forsyth County Government, Register of Deeds|title=Deed to 1100 Reynolds Blvd.|access-date=October 25, 2021|url=https://forsythdeeds.com/view_image.php?file=re/001595/001683.tif&type=pdf}}</ref>) were the [[R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Buildings 2-1 and 2-2|three-story leaf buildings]], the 2-1 building built in 1937 and the 2-2 building in 1955. These were named to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in October 2017, and in October 2019 C.A. Harrison Cos. LLC, developer of Plant 64, announced the buildings would be renovated for loft apartments.<ref name=Leaf>{{cite news|url=https://www.journalnow.com/business/high-end-apartments-restaurant-and-retail-space--room-hotel/article_da57de02-b939-5f76-887f-7542df79e1bc.html|title=High-end apartments, restaurant and retail space, 125-room hotel planned for Whitaker Park |last=Craver|first=Richard|work=Winston Salem Journal|date=2019-10-10|access-date=2019-10-17}}</ref> Built in 1961 at a cost of $32 million ($271 million in 2023 dollars),<ref name=Purple/> the Whitaker Park plant had 790,300 square feet of manufacturing space and was considered "the world's largest and most modern cigarette-manufacturing plant".<ref name=Whitaker>{{cite news|title=Iconic Whitaker Park donated to nonprofit|last=Craver|first=Richard|work=Winston-Salem Journal|date=2015-01-08|page=A1}}</ref> It was announced in May 2010 that cigarette manufacturing would cease at Whitaker Park; by mid-2011, this had been done. Manufacturing formerly performed at the Whitaker Park plant was consolidated in the more-modern Tobaccoville plant. On January 7, 2015, Reynolds announced that Whitaker Park was being donated to Whitaker Park Development Authority Inc., started in April 2011 by Winston-Salem Business Inc., the Winston-Salem Alliance and [[Wake Forest University]].<ref name=Whitaker /> The 120-acre site and 13 buildings were officially transferred in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://journalnow.com/news/local/business/real-estate/wake-forest-reynolds-whitaker-park/article_5d3e9482-df2c-11ef-b717-db8c19a96363.html|title=Wake Forest expands Whitaker Park presence for new home of nanotechnology center|last=Craver|first=Richard|work=Winston Salem Journal|date=2025-01-30|access-date=2025-01-31}}</ref> In 2019 Cook Medical announced it would buy the 850,000-square-foot 601-1 building with plans to move its 650 employees there by 2022. As of October 2019, [[Hanesbrands]] had taken over space in the 426,800-square-foot 601-11 building as a distribution center, and Nature's Value bought that building in August 2021.<ref name=Leaf/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://journalnow.com/business/local/whitaker-park-revitalization-advances-with-plans-for-two-major-facilities/article_c7982796-9a4a-11ec-8093-b7c5373a1208.html|title=Whitaker Park revitalization advances with plans for two major facilities|last=Craver|first=Richard|work=Winston Salem Journal|date=2022-03-03|access-date=2022-03-03}}</ref> On August 23, 2023, Cook Medical, which paid $4 million for its space in Whitaker Park in 2021, announced it would sell because the [[remote work]] trend meant it no longer needed the space. Purple Crow chief executive and president Dan Calhoun confirmed his company had a contract to buy the property. Purple Crow, which had already asked for incentives from the city, pledged in its incentive request to spend $50 million and create 274 jobs, nearly doubling its area work force.<ref name=Purple>{{cite news|url=https://journalnow.com/news/local/major-whitaker-park-change-cook-medical-bowing-out-purple-crow-stepping-in/article_1e60c9ce-3ba4-11ee-8607-b7b60a8028b2.html|title=Major Whitaker Park change: Cook Medical bowing out, Purple Crow stepping in|last=Craver|first=Richard|work=Winston Salem Journal|date=2023-08-23}}</ref> 18 buildings and 100 acres in the area continue to be used for tobacco processing and warehousing.<ref name=Purple/> ===Headquarters buildings=== In September 1977, R. J. Reynolds Industries moved the first of 1200 headquarters employees into the not-yet-completed,<ref name=New /> $40 million,<ref name=Cleghorn /><ref name=Wake /> 519,000-square-foot<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/16/business/company-news-rjr-nabisco-plans-to-move.html|title=RJR Nabisco Plans to Move|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=1987-01-16|access-date=2012-03-20}}</ref> [[glass]] and [[steel]] World Headquarters Building<ref name=Cleghorn>John Cleghorn, "RJR's Farewell Present: Division Moving to Winston-Salem," ''The Charlotte Observer'', July 17, 1987.</ref><ref name=Wake>"Wake Forest Debates Use of RJR Gift," ''The Charlotte Observer'', February 7, 1987.</ref> being built across Reynolds Boulevard from the Whitaker Park plant.<ref name=empty>Richard Craver, "For use: a lot of empty space," ''Winston-Salem Journal'', May 30, 2010.</ref> At the same time, the company had plans for a new skyscraper downtown.<ref name=New>"RJR Moving Into New Headquarters," ''[[Twin City Sentinel]]'', September 14, 1977.</ref> The current headquarters, the [[RJR Plaza Building]], is 16 stories tall and was completed in 1982 adjacent to the original 1929 Reynolds Building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.emporis.com/application/?nav=building&lng=3&id=rjrplazabuilding-winstonsalem-nc-usa|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120903140432/http://www.emporis.com/application/?nav=building&lng=3&id=rjrplazabuilding-winstonsalem-nc-usa|url-status=usurped|archive-date=September 3, 2012|title=RJR Plaza Building|publisher=[[Emporis]]|access-date=2009-12-03}}</ref> The tobacco company moved its headquarters to RJR Plaza in 1982, and the 1929 building continued to be used for some company offices until 2009;<ref name="sale">{{cite news|url=http://www2.journalnow.com/content/2009/nov/23/home-of-rjr-on-the-market/news/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20091125102727/http://www2.journalnow.com/content/2009/nov/23/home-of-rjr-on-the-market/news/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-11-25|title=Home of RJR on the market|work=[[Winston-Salem Journal]]|last=Craver|first=Richard|date=2009-11-23|access-date=2009-11-23}}</ref> the older building stood vacant<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www2.journalnow.com/news/2008/oct/06/rj-reynolds-tobacco-move-out-historic-building-ar-133534/|title=R.J. Reynolds Tobacco to move out of historic building|work=The [[Winston-Salem Journal]]|date=2008-10-06|access-date=2012-03-27}}</ref> until new owners in 2014 began the process to convert it to a hotel.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.news-record.com/news/article_323fa137-927a-5e6f-b79a-9bc6ac32d206.html|title=Former R.J. Reynolds headquarters sold for $7.8 million |last=Craver|first=Richard|work=Winston-Salem Journal|date=2014-05-22|access-date=2014-05-22}}</ref> With the parent company (renamed [[RJR Nabisco]] in 1985 after merging with Nabisco) planning to move its headquarters to [[Atlanta]] in September 1987, the company donated the World Headquarters Building to Wake Forest University in January 1987, and in July of that year, the company voted to move its [[Planters]]-[[Life Savers]] division to one-third of that building.<ref name=Cleghorn /><ref name=Wake /> In May 1999, [[Truist Financial|BB&T]] bought what was then called the [[Nissen Building|First Union Building]] for $2.5 million from [[Aon Corporation|Aon Consulting Inc.]], which moved about 400 employees to the former headquarters building which was called University Corporate Center.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.journalnow.com/news/local/truist-departing-downtown-tower-will-test-city-s-ability-to/article_28542c79-0e28-507b-a590-f80ad48df9a1.html|title=Truist departing downtown tower will test city's ability to breathe new life into buildings|last=Craver|first=Richard|work=Winston-Salem Journal|date=March 9, 2020|access-date=March 9, 2020}}</ref> In 2010, the building's tenants were Aon, BB&T, and [[PepsiCo]].<ref name=empty /> On November 1 of that year, Pepsi announced 195 new jobs and a $7.5 million expansion of University Corporate Center, with BB&T moving two of its operations to Reynolds Business Center.<ref>{{cite news|title=Wake asks help of city|last=Craver|first=Richard|work=Winston-Salem Journal|date=2010-12-12|page=A6}}</ref> Aon and Pepsi remained the primary occupants in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Philanthropy stretches across city's landscape|last=Craver|first=Richard|work=Winston-Salem Journal|date=2015-01-08|page=A1}}</ref> ===Other facilities=== The Ziglar Sheds, Buildings 82 and 83 on East 25th Street in Winston-Salem, were built in the 1920s, the first warehouses built for tobacco storage according to company specifications, and sold in 1992. In 2024 they were being considered for the National Register of Historic Places.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://journalnow.com/news/local/reynolds-tobacco-leaf-storage-buildings-up-for-historic-status-buildings-are-on-25th-street/article_d1e2053c-0401-11ef-afd3-bf530dd7f8c2.html|title=Reynolds Tobacco leaf storage buildings up for historic status. Buildings are on 25th Street|last=Craver|first=Richard|work=Winston-Salem Journal|date=April 30, 2024}}</ref> R. J. Reynolds's largest plant, Tobaccoville, a 2-million-square-foot (190,000 m<sup>2</sup>) facility constructed in 1986, is located in the town of [[Tobaccoville, North Carolina|Tobaccoville]], [[North Carolina]] near Winston-Salem. Macon manufacturing, located in Macon, Georgia, resides in a 1.4-million-square-foot (130,000 m<sup>2</sup>) facility built in 1974. This manufacturing plant was formerly known as Brown & Williamson, which was purchased by Reynolds and eventually closed in 2006. R. J. Reynolds has a tobacco-sheet manufacturing operation in Winston-Salem. The sheet manufacturing operation in Chester, Virginia, was closed in 2006. Also, there are leaf operations in Wilson, North Carolina; tobacco-storage facilities in Blacksburg, South Carolina, and Richmond, Virginia; and a significant research-and-development facility in Winston-Salem. A manufacturing plant in Puerto Rico was closed in 2010. Among these facilities, R. J. Reynolds employs approximately 6,800 people. R. J. Reynolds's subsidiary, "R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Foreign Sales Corporation", is established in the [[British Virgin Islands]] to minimize its tax liability.
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