Editing Queer (section)

==Academia==
{{Main|Queer studies|Queer theory}}
In academia, the term ''queer'' (and the related verb ''[[queering]]'') broadly indicate the study of literature, discourse, academic fields, and other social and cultural areas from a non-[[Heterosexuality|heterosexual]] or non-[[cisgender]] viewpoint. Though the fields of queer studies and queer theory are broad, such studies often focus on LGBTQ+ lives, and may involve challenging the assumption that being heterosexual and cisgender are the default or "normal". Queer theory, in particular, may embrace ambiguities and fluidity in traditionally "stable" categories such as ''gay'' or ''straight.''<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Samuels |first=Jacinth |date=1999-01-31 |title=Dangerous Liaisons: Queer Subjectivity, Liberalism and Race |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/095023899335383 |journal=Cultural Studies |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=91–92 |doi=10.1080/095023899335383 |issn=0950-2386 |access-date=2024-07-18 |archive-date=2024-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718132724/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/095023899335383 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jagose |first=Annamarie |title=Queer Theory: an introduction |publisher=New York Univ. Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-8147-4234-1 |edition=Repr |location=New York |publication-date=2010 |pages=1–2}}</ref>

[[Queer studies]] is the study of issues relating to sexual orientation and gender identity, usually focusing on LGBTQ people and cultures. Originally centered on [[LGBTQ history]] and [[literary theory]], the field has expanded to include the academic study of issues raised in [[biology]], [[sociology]], [[anthropology]], [[history of science]], [[philosophy]], [[psychology]], [[sexology]], [[political science]], [[ethics]], and other fields by an examination of the identity, lives, history, and perception of queer people. Organizations such as the [[Irish Queer Archive]] attempt to collect and preserve history related to queer studies.

[[Queer theory]] is a field of [[post-structuralist]] [[critical theory]] that emerged in the early 1990s out of the fields of queer studies and [[women's studies]]. Applications of queer theory include [[queer theology]] and [[queer pedagogy]]. Philosopher [[Judith Butler]] has described queer theory as a site of "collective contestation", referring to its commitment to challenging easy categories and definitions.<ref>{{Citation |last=Butler |first=Judith |title=Critically Queer |date=2020-04-03 |work=Playing with Fire: Queer Politics, Queer Theories |pages=11–29 |editor-last=Phelan |editor-first=Shane |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781134717507/chapters/10.4324/9780203760505-3 |access-date=2024-07-18 |edition=1 |publisher=Routledge |language=en |doi=10.4324/9780203760505-3 |isbn=978-0-203-76050-5}}</ref> Critics of queer theory argue that this refusal of straightforward categories can make the discipline overly abstract or detached from reality.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Seidman |first=Steven |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9780511557910/type/book |title=Difference Troubles: Queering Social Theory and Sexual Politics |chapter=Identity and politics in a "postmodern" gay culture |date=1997-10-09 |pages=109–138 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-59043-3 |edition=1 |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511557910.008 |access-date=2024-07-18 |archive-date=2024-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241001033402/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/difference-troubles/E9B4237FECEF861802EC97E20BF1F5E8 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Queer theorists such as [[Rod Ferguson]], [[Jasbir Puar]], [[Lisa Duggan]], and [[Chong-suk Han]] have critiqued the mainstream gay political movement as allied with [[neoliberal]] and [[imperialistic]] agendas, including gay tourism, gay and trans military inclusion, and state- and church-sanctioned marriages for monogamous gay couples. Puar, a queer theorist of color, specifically coined the term ''[[homonationalism]]'' to refer to the perceived rise of [[American exceptionalism]], [[nationalism]], [[white supremacy]], and [[patriarchy]] within the gay community, catalyzed in response to the [[September 11 attacks]].<ref name="puar">{{cite book |last= Puar|first= Jasbir|date= 2007|title= Terrorist Assemblages: Homonationalism in Queer Times|publisher= Duke University Press|isbn= 9780822341147}}</ref>

In their research on the queer movements of [[Indonesia]] and [[Malaysia]], scholars Jón Ingvar Kjaran and Mohammad Naeimi have said that the "localization of modern queer identity", rooted in local interpretations of queer theory and "Muslim modernism", has helped queer Indonesians and Malaysians to "promote their self-construction and organize a collective mobilization for their rights". They contrast this with the rhetoric of those conservative Muslim homophobes who portray "gay" or "LGBTQ" identities as a form of Western imperialism, as well as the "Eurocentric discourse", homonationalism and [[homonormativity]] of "LGBTQ politics" in the [[Global North and Global South|global north]].<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last=Kjaran |first=Jón Ingvar |title=Politics of Modernity: Hybridity, Sexual Politics, and Queer Movements in the Global South |date=2022 |work=Queer Social Movements and Activism in Indonesia and Malaysia |pages=73–102 |editor-last=Kjaran |editor-first=Jón Ingvar |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-15809-4_4 |access-date=2024-09-03 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-15809-4_4 |isbn=978-3-031-15809-4 |last2=Naeimi |first2=Mohammad |editor2-last=Naeimi |editor2-first=Mohammad |archive-date=2024-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903065420/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-15809-4_4 |url-status=live }}</ref>