Editing Queensland (section)

==Demographics==
{{See also|Demographics of Australia|Demographics of Brisbane}}
{{Redirect|Queenslanders|other uses|Queenslander (disambiguation){{!}}Queenslander}}
[[File:Skylines of Brisbane in winter misty morning seen from Kangaroo Point, Queensland 04.jpg|thumb|[[Brisbane]], capital and most populous city of Queensland]]
<div class="thumb tright">
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0;"
|-
!scope="col"|Historical populations
|-
|align=center|{{Historical populations
|title=Queensland{{refn|group="N"|Pre-1971 figures may not include the Indigenous population.}}
|align = left
|footnote = Source:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.qgso.qld.gov.au/products/tables/historical-tables-demography/index.php |title=Historical tables, demography, 1823 to 2008 (Q150 release) |website=Queensland Government Statistician's Office |access-date=22 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616052744/https://www.qgso.qld.gov.au/products/tables/historical-tables-demography/index.php |archive-date=16 June 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.qgso.qld.gov.au/products/tables/historical-tables-demography/pop-capital-city-rest-state-queensland.csv |title=Population by capital city and rest of state, Queensland, 1823 to 2007 |publisher=Queensland Government Statistician's Office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401070030/https://www.qgso.qld.gov.au/products/tables/historical-tables-demography/pop-capital-city-rest-state-queensland.csv |archive-date=1 April 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/3101.0Main%20Features1Jun%202016?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3101.0&issue=Jun%202016&num=&view= |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |title=3101.0 - Australian Demographic Statistics, Jun 2016 |access-date=31 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223130302/https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Previousproducts/3101.0Main%20Features1Jun%202016?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=3101.0&issue=Jun%202016&num=&view= |archive-date=23 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|1826 |160
|1836 |400
|1846 |2,258
|1856 |18,544
|1864 |73,578
|1876 |182,185
|1886 |332,311
|1891 |400,395
|1906 |538,973
|1916 |677,026
|1926 |862,486
|1936 |982,978
|1946 |1,096,831
|1956 |1,381,591
|1966 |1,674,324
|1976 |2,092,375
|1986 |2,624,595
|1996 |3,338,690
|2006 |4,090,908
|2016 |4,844,500
| graph-pos=bottom
}}
|}
</div>

In December 2021, Queensland had an estimated population of 5,265,043.<ref name=ABSPop /> Approximately half of the state's population lives in Brisbane, and over 70% live in [[South East Queensland]]. Nonetheless, Queensland is the second most decentralised state in Australia after [[Tasmania]]. Since the 1980s, Queensland has consistently been the fastest-growing state in Australia, as it receives high levels of both international immigration and migration from interstate. There have however been short periods where [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] and [[Western Australia]] have grown faster.

===Cities===
[[List of cities in Australia by population|Ten of Australia's thirty largest cities]] are located in Queensland. In 2019, the largest cities in the state by population of their Greater Capital City Statistical Area or Significant Urban Area (metropolitan areas) as defined by the [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] were:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3218.0 |title=Regional population |access-date=31 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718073106/https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mf/3218.0 |archive-date=18 July 2019 |url-status=live |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=16em|
* [[Brisbane]]: 2,514,184
* [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]]–[[Tweed Heads, New South Wales|Tweed Heads]]: 693,671
* [[Sunshine Coast, Queensland|Sunshine Coast]]: 341,069
* [[Townsville]]: 181,668
* [[Cairns]]: 153,951
* [[Toowoomba]]: 138,223
* [[Mackay, Queensland|Mackay]]: 80,264
* [[Rockhampton]]: 79,081
* [[Bundaberg]]: 71,309
* [[Hervey Bay]]: 55,345
* [[Gladstone, Queensland|Gladstone]]–[[Tannum Sands, Queensland|Tannum Sands]]: 45,631
}}

===Ancestry and immigration===
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right;"
|+Country of Birth (2016)<ref name="quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au">{{cite web |title=2016 Census Community Profiles |url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/3?opendocument |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622052159/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/3%3Fopendocument |archive-date=22 June 2019 |access-date=28 May 2020 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics}}</ref><ref name="censusdata.abs.gov.au">{{cite web |title=2016 Census of Population and Housing: General Community Profile |url=https://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub2016.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2016~Community%20Profile~3/$File/GCP_3.zip?OpenElement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222045156/https://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub2016.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2016~Community%20Profile~3/$File/GCP_3.zip?OpenElement |archive-date=22 December 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |format=ZIP}}</ref>
! Birthplace{{refn|group="N"|In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source, England, [[Scotland]], [[Mainland China]] and the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and [[Macau]] are listed separately}} !! Population
|-
| Australia ||3,343,657
|-
| New Zealand ||201,206
|-
| England ||180,775 <!-- England and Scotland are listed separately as per the source. Do not combine -->
|-
| [[India]] ||49,145
|-
| [[Mainland China]] ||47,114 <!-- Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau SARs are listed separately as per the source. Do not combine -->
|-
| South Africa ||40,131
|-
| [[Philippines]] ||39,661
|-
| Scotland ||21,882 <!-- England and Scotland are listed separately as per the source. Do not combine -->
|-
| Germany ||20,387
|-
| [[Vietnam]] ||19,544
|-
| [[South Korea]] ||18,327
|-
| United States ||17,053
|-
| [[Papua New Guinea]] ||16,120
|-
| [[Taiwan]] ||15,592<!-- Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau SARs are listed separately as per the source. Do not combine -->
|}
Early settlers during the 19th century were largely [[English Australians|English]], [[Irish Australians|Irish]], [[Scottish Australians|Scottish]] and [[German Australians|German]], while there was a wave of immigration from [[Southern Europe|southern]] and eastern Europe (most notably [[Italian Australian|Italy]]) in the decades following the [[World War II|second world war]]. In the 21st century, [[Asian Australians|Asia]] (most notably [[Chinese Australian|China]] and [[Indian Australian|India]]) has been the primary source of immigration.

At the 2016 census, the most commonly nominated ancestries were:{{refn|group="N"|As a percentage of 4,348,289 persons who nominated their ancestry at the 2016 census.}}<ref name="quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au"/><ref name="censusdata.abs.gov.au"/> <!-- Only ancestries with >1% are listed. Do not use the QuickStats data from ABS for ancestries. Use the full ancestry data series (eg from ABS Community Profiles series) as the QuickStats data shows each ancestry as a percentage of all ancestry responses (where each person can list up to two, thus a far greater number than the total population) while the full data series in the ABS Community Profiles show the percentage of people nominating a given ancestry as a percentage of the population who nominated an ancestry -->
{{columns-list|colwidth=13em|
* [[English Australians|English]] (41.3%)
* Australian (37.9%){{refn|group="N"|The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry are part of the [[Anglo-Celtic Australian|Anglo-Celtic]] group.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/49f609c83cf34d69ca2569de0025c182!OpenDocument|title=Feature Article – Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia (Feature Article)|date=January 1995|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=28 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420205113/https://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs%40.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/49f609c83cf34d69ca2569de0025c182%21OpenDocument|archive-date=20 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
* [[Irish Australians|Irish]] (13%)
* [[Scottish Australians|Scottish]] (11.2%)
* [[German Australians|German]] (6.8%)
* [[Indigenous Australians|Indigenous]] (4%){{refn|group="N"|Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying as [[Aboriginal Australians]] or [[Torres Strait Islanders]]. Indigenous identification is separate from the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.}}
* [[Chinese Australians|Chinese]] (3.1%)
* [[Italian Australians|Italian]] (3%)
* [[Indian Australians|Indian]] (1.7%)
* [[Dutch Australians|Dutch]] (1.6%)
* [[New Zealand Australians|New Zealander]] (1.6%)
* [[Māori Australians|Maori]] (1.2%)
* [[Filipino Australians|Filipino]] (1.2%)
}}

The 2016 census showed that 28.9% of Queensland's inhabitants were [[Immigration to Australia|born overseas]]. Only 54.8% of inhabitants had both parents born in Australia, with the next most common birthplaces being New Zealand, England, [[India]], [[Mainland China]] and South Africa.<ref name="quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au"/><ref name="censusdata.abs.gov.au"/> Brisbane has the [[Foreign born#Metropolitan and Urban regions with largest foreign-born populations|26th largest immigrant population]] among world metropolitan areas.

4% of the population, or 186,482 people, identified as [[Indigenous Australians]] ([[Aboriginal Australians]] and [[Torres Strait Islanders]]) in 2016.{{refn|group="N"|Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying as [[Aboriginal Australians]] or [[Torres Strait Islanders]]. Indigenous identification is separate from the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.}}<ref name="quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au"/><ref name="censusdata.abs.gov.au"/>

=== Language ===
At the {{CensusAU|2016}}, 81.2% of inhabitants spoke only English at home, with the next most common languages being [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] (1.5%), [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] (0.6%), [[Cantonese]] (0.5%), Spanish (0.4%) and Italian (0.4%).<ref name="quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au2">{{cite web |title=2016 Census Community Profiles |url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/3?opendocument |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622052159/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/3%3Fopendocument |archive-date=22 June 2019 |access-date=28 May 2020 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics}}</ref><ref name="censusdata.abs.gov.au2">{{cite web |title=2016 Census of Population and Housing: General Community Profile |url=https://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub2016.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2016~Community%20Profile~3/$File/GCP_3.zip?OpenElement |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222045156/https://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub2016.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2016~Community%20Profile~3/$File/GCP_3.zip?OpenElement |archive-date=22 December 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |format=ZIP}}</ref>

At the {{CensusAU|2021}}, 80.5% of inhabitants spoke only English at home, with the next most common languages being [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] (1.6%), [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] (0.6%), [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] (0.6%) and Spanish (0.6%).<ref name="census2021">{{cite web |title=Snapshot of Queensland | date=28 June 2022 |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/articles/snapshot-qld-2021#:~:text=In%20the%202021%20Census%2C%20the,Census%20counted%201.7%20million%20people. |access-date=11 July 2022 |archive-date=29 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629022215/https://www.abs.gov.au/articles/snapshot-qld-2021#:~:text=In%20the%202021%20Census%2C%20the,Census%20counted%201.7%20million%20people. |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Religion===
At the {{CensusAU|2016}}, the most commonly cited religious affiliations were [[Irreligion|'No religion']] (29.2%), [[Catholic Church in Australia|Catholicism]] (21.7%) and [[Anglican Church of Australia|Anglicanism]] (15.3%).<ref>{{cite web |date=27 June 2017 |title=Media Release – 2016 Census: Queensland |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/ED6AC1443949FE77CA258148000C1A01?OpenDocument |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222045155/https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/ED6AC1443949FE77CA258148000C1A01?OpenDocument |archive-date=22 December 2020 |access-date=1 April 2020 |website=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |language=en}}</ref> In the 2016 Census the majority of Queenslanders were identified as Christian, most of which were of various Protestant denominations.<ref name="m906">{{cite web | title= | website=dataexplorer.abs.gov.au | url=https://dataexplorer.abs.gov.au/vis?tm=queensland&pg=0&fs[0]=Census%202016%2C1%7CGeneral%20Community%20Profiles%20for%20SA2%20and%20above%23GEN_PROFILE_C16%23%7CReligion%23RELIGION_C16_GP%23&fc=Census%202016&hc[State]=&snb=1&df[ds]=CENSUS_2016_TOPICS&df[id]=ABS_C16_T10_SA&df[ag]=ABS&df[vs]=1.0.0&dq=....3&pd=2016%2C&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&ly[cl]=SEX_ABS&ly[rs]=STATE&ly[rw]=RELP_2016&vw=tb | access-date=2025-02-21}}</ref>

According to the {{CensusAU|2021}}, 45.7% of the population follows Christianity, and 41.2% identified as having [[Irreligion|No religion]]<ref name="census2021" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/ED6AC1443949FE77CA258148000C1A01?OpenDocument|title=Media Release – 2016 Census: Queensland|date=27 June 2017|website=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|language=en|access-date=1 April 2020|archive-date=22 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222045155/https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mediareleasesbyReleaseDate/ED6AC1443949FE77CA258148000C1A01?OpenDocument|url-status=live}}</ref> About 5% of people are affiliated with a non-Christian religion, mainly [[Buddhism]] (1.4%), [[Hinduism]] (1.3%) and [[Islam]] (1.2%).<ref name="census2021"/> The 2021 census found that Protestants of various denominations outnumbered Catholics in Queensland.<ref name="b868">{{cite web | title= | website=dataexplorer.abs.gov.au | url=https://dataexplorer.abs.gov.au/vis?fs[0]=Census%202021%2C1%7CStatistical%20Areas%20%28ASGS%202021%29%23C21_ASGS%23%7CGeneral%20Community%20Profiles%23C21_ASGS_GCP%23&fs[1]=Region%2C1%7CAustralia%23AUS%23%7CQueensland%233%23&pg=10&fc=Region&snb=62&df[ds]=C21_ASGS&df[id]=C21_G14_SA2&df[ag]=ABS&df[vs]=1.0.0&dq=..3..&pd=2021%2C&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&ly[cl]=SEXP&ly[rs]=STATE&ly[rw]=RELP | access-date=2025-02-21}}</ref>

===Education===
[[File:University of Queensland.jpg|thumb|right|The Great Court at the [[University of Queensland]] in Brisbane, Queensland's oldest university]]

Queensland is home to numerous universities. The state's oldest university, the [[University of Queensland]], was established in 1909 and frequently [[College and university rankings|ranks among the world's top 50]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020 |title=World University Rankings |access-date=31 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226033634/https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2020 |archive-date=26 December 2020 |url-status=live |publisher=QS Quacquarelli Symonds |website=TopUniversities.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/rankings |title=Top World University Rankings &#124; US News Best Global Universities |access-date=28 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028092904/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/rankings |archive-date=28 October 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.leidenranking.com/ranking/2017/list |title=CWTS Leiden Ranking - Ranking 2017 |access-date=28 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223071037/https://www.leidenranking.com/ranking/2017/list |archive-date=23 December 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Other major universities include [[Queensland University of Technology]], [[Griffith University]], the [[University of Southern Queensland]], the [[University of the Sunshine Coast]], [[James Cook University]] (which was the state's first university outside of [[South East Queensland]]), [[Central Queensland University]] and [[Bond University]] (which was Australia's first private university).

[[International student|International education]] is an important industry, with 134,312 [[International students in Australia|international students enrolled in the state]] in 2018, largely focused on Brisbane. Most of the state's international students are from Asia.<ref name="IntlStudying">{{cite web|url=https://internationaleducation.gov.au/research/Research-Snapshots/Documents/Location%20of%20International%20Students%20in%202018.pdf|title=International students studying in regional areas|date=February 2019|access-date=28 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190309065851/https://internationaleducation.gov.au/research/Research-Snapshots/Documents/Location%20of%20International%20Students%20in%202018.pdf|archive-date=9 March 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref>

At the primary and secondary levels, Queensland is home to numerous [[Queensland state schools|state]] and private schools.

Queensland has a [[List of libraries in Queensland#Public libraries|public library system]] which is managed by the State Library of Queensland.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Queensland |first=c=AU; o=The State of Queensland; ou=State Library of |title=State Library of Queensland - Queensland public libraries directory |url=https://www.data.qld.gov.au/dataset/public-libraries |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=www.data.qld.gov.au |language=en-AU |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521103244/https://www.data.qld.gov.au/dataset/public-libraries |url-status=live }}</ref> Some university libraries are also open to the public.