Editing Prophecy (section)

===Judaism===
<!--[[Nevuah]] redirects here-->
{{See also|Prophets in Judaism|Nevi'im}}
[[File:Saul 1878.jpg|thumb|upright|''David and Saul'', detail from an 1878 oil painting, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm]]
The Hebrew term for prophet, ''[[Nevi'im|Navi]]'' ({{lang|he|נביא}}), literally means "spokesperson"; a prophet speaks to the people as a mouthpiece of their [[god in Judaism|God]], and to their god on behalf of the people. "The name ''prophet,'' from the Greek meaning "forespeaker" ({{lang|grc|πρὸ}} being used in the original local sense), is an equivalent of the Hebrew ''Navi'', which signifies properly a delegate or mouthpiece of another."<ref name="JE-Prophecy">{{cite web|last1=Hirsch|first1=Emil G.|last2=McCurdy|first2=J. Frederic|last3= Jacobs |first3= Joseph|title=PROPHETS AND PROPHECY|url= http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/12389-prophets-and-prophecy|website= Jewish Encyclopedia |publisher=JewishEncyclopedia.com|access-date=26 April 2016}}</ref>

[[Sigmund Mowinckel]]'s account of prophecy in ancient Israel distinguishes {{linktext|seer}}s and prophets - both in their origins and in their functions:
<blockquote>
According to Mowinckel, the early seer and the ecstatic prophet derived from two distinctly different social and institutional backgrounds. The seer belonged to the earliest stratum of Israelite society and was related to the priest who 'was not originally in the first instance a sacrificer, but as with the old Arabs, custodian of the sanctuary, oracle priest, "seer" and holder of the effective future-creating and future-interpreting word of power, the blessing and the curse.' [...] Ecstatic prophecy - ''nebiism'' - and temple priests were indigenous to Canaanite culture and represented elements adopted by the Israelites. With the fusion of the functions of the seer-priest with the functions of the temple-sacrificial priests and ecstatic prophets, two main groups developed: the priests occupied with cult and sacrifice [...] and the 'prophets' who 'continued the more "pneumatic" aspect of the character and work of the old "seers"' and 'were mediums of the divinely inspired "word" which was "whispered to" them, or "came to them"' [...] The prophets retained, in guild fashion, the old seer relationship to the cult [...].
<ref>
{{cite book
 |last1                = Hayes
 |first1               = John H.
 |editor-last1         = Kelle
 |editor-first1        = Brad E.
 |date                 = 27 April 2017
 |chapter              = The History of the Form-Critical Study of Prpphecy
 |orig-date            = 2013
 |title                = Interpreting Ancient Israelite History, Prophecy, and Law
 |url                  = https://books.google.com/books?id=9-fkDwAAQBAJ
 |location             = Cambridge
 |publisher            = James Clarke & Company Limited
 |page                 = 196
 |isbn                 = 9780227906286
 |access-date          = 1 November 2023
}} 
</ref>
</blockquote>

According to Judaism, authentic '''''Nevuah''''' ({{lang|he|נבואה}},  "Prophecy") got withdrawn from the world after the destruction of the first [[Solomon's Temple|Jerusalem Temple]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hirsch|first1=Emil G.|last2=McCurdy|first2=J. Frederic|last3= Jacobs|first3= Joseph|title= PROPHETS AND PROPHECY|url= http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/12389-prophets-and-prophecy|website= Jewish Encyclopedia|publisher= JewishEncyclopedia.com|access-date= 1 November 2023 | quote = Since the destruction of the Temple prophecy has passed over to the wise, the semidemented (fools), and the children, but the wise man is superior to the prophet (B. B. l2a). Eight prophets are mentioned [ ] as having filled their office after the destruction of the First Temple, Amos being among them.}}</ref> [[Malachi]] is acknowledged to have been the last authentic prophet if one accepts the opinion that [[Nechemyah]] died in Babylon before 9th Tevet 3448 (313 BCE).<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Babylonian Talmud |first=Vilna |last=Gaon |author-link=Vilna Gaon |volume=San.11a, Yom.9a/Yuch.1.14/Kuz.3.39,65,67/Yuch.1/Mag.Av.O.C.580.6 }} 
</ref>

The [[Torah]] contains laws concerning the ''false prophet'' (Deuteronomy 13:2-6, 18:20-22). Prophets in Islam, like [[Lot in Islam |Lot]], for example, are false prophets according to Jewish standards.

In the Torah, prophecy often consisted of a conditioned warning by their [[God]] of the consequences should the society, specific communities, or their leaders not adhere to the Torah's instructions in the time contemporary with the prophet's life. Prophecies sometimes included conditioned promises of blessing for obeying their god, and returning to behaviors and laws as written in the Torah. Conditioned-warning prophecies feature in all Jewish works of the [[Tanakh]].
 
Notably [[Maimonides]] (1138–1204), philosophically suggested that there once were many levels of prophecy, from the highest (such as those experienced by [[Moses]]) to the lowest (where the individuals were able to apprehend the Divine Will, but not respond or even describe this experience to others, citing for example, Shem, Eber and most notably, [[Noah in rabbinic literature |Noah]], who, in the biblical narrative, does not issue prophetic declarations).<ref>''The Guide for the Perplexed'' /Part II/Chapter XXXIX</ref>

Maimonides, in his philosophical work ''[[The Guide for the Perplexed]]'', outlines twelve modes of prophecy<ref>''The Guide for the Perplexed'' (Friedlander)/Part II/Chapters#CHAPTER XLV</ref> from lesser to greater degree of clarity:
# Inspired actions
# Inspired words
# [[Allegorical]] [[dream]] revelations
# [[Auditory imagery| Auditory]] dream revelations
# Audiovisual dream revelations/human speaker
# Audiovisual dream revelations/angelic speaker
# Audiovisual dream revelations/Divine speaker
# Allegorical waking [[Vision (spirituality) |vision]]
# Auditory waking revelation
# Audiovisual waking revelation/human speaker
# Audiovisual waking revelation/angelic speaker
# Audiovisual waking revelation/Divine speaker (that refers implicitly to Moses)

The Tanakh contains prophecies from various [[Prophets in Judaism|Hebrew prophets]] (55 in total) who communicated messages from God to the [[Israelites|nation of Israel]], and later to the population of [[Judea]] and elsewhere. Experience of prophecy in the Torah and the rest of Tanakh was not restricted to Jews. Nor was the prophetic experience restricted to the [[Hebrew language |Hebrew]] language.