Editing Primary election (section)

===Blanket===
When a qualifying primary is applied to a partisan election, it becomes what is generally known as a blanket<ref>{{cite web| url=http://definitions.uslegal.com/b/blanket-primary/|title=Blanket Primary Law & Legal Definition|publisher=USLegal.com|access-date=2012-11-07}}</ref> or ''[[Louisiana primary]]'': typically, if no candidate wins a [[majority]] in the primary, the two candidates receiving the highest [[Plurality (voting)|pluralities]], regardless of party affiliation, go on to a [[general election]] that is in effect a run-off.  This often has the effect of eliminating [[third party (United States)|minor parties]] from the general election, and frequently the general election becomes a single-party election. Unlike a [[plurality voting]] system, a run-off system meets the [[Condorcet loser criterion]] in that the candidate that ultimately wins would not have been beaten in a two-way race with every one of the other candidates.

Because many Washington residents were disappointed over the loss of their [[blanket primary]], which the [[The Grange (organization)|Washington State Grange]] helped institute in 1935, the Grange filed [[Popular initiative|Initiative]] 872 in 2004 to establish a blanket primary for partisan races, thereby allowing voters to once again cross party lines in the primary election. The two candidates with the most votes then advance to the general election, regardless of their party affiliation. Supporters claimed it would bring back voter choice; opponents said it would exclude [[third party (United States)|third parties]] and independents from general election ballots, could result in Democratic or Republican-only races in certain districts, and would in fact reduce voter choice. The initiative was put to a public vote in November 2004 and passed. On 15 July 2005, the initiative was found unconstitutional by the [[U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington]]. The U.S. Supreme Court heard the Grange's appeal of the case in October 2007. In March 2009, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the Grange-sponsored Top 2 primary, citing a lack of compelling evidence to overturn the voter-approved initiative.<ref>{{cite web|title=Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican PartyPARTY|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/06-713.ZO.html|work=18 March 2008|publisher=U.S. Supreme Court|access-date=22 April 2012}}</ref>

In elections using [[electoral system]]s where [[strategic nomination]] is a concern, primaries can be very important in preventing "clone" candidates that split their constituency's vote because of their similarities. Primaries allow political parties to select and unite behind one candidate. However, [[tactical voting]] is sometimes a concern in non-partisan primaries as members of the opposite party can [[Party Raiding|vote for the weaker candidate]] in order to face an easier general election.

In California, under Proposition 14 (Top Two Candidates Open Primary Act), a voter-approved [[referendum]], in all races ''except'' for that for [[President of the United States|U.S. president]] and [[Committeemen and committeewomen|county central committee]] offices, all candidates running in a primary election regardless of party will appear on a single primary election ballot and voters may vote for any candidate, with the top two vote-getters overall moving on to the general election regardless of party. The effect of this is that it will be possible for two Republicans or two Democrats to compete against each other in a general election if those candidates receive the most primary-election support.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/npp.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118184507/http://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/npp.htm|url-status=dead|title=California Secretary of State|archivedate=18 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/10/us/politics/10prop.html?hp | work=The New York Times | title=Calif. Voting Change Could Signal Big Political Shift | first=Jesse | last=McKinley | date=9 June 2010}}</ref>