Editing Pope Benedict XVI (section)

=== Tone of papacy ===
[[File:Benedikt XVI im Papamobil.jpg|thumb|Benedict's first trip in a [[popemobile]], 2005]]
[[File:Oliver Mark - Pope Benedict XVI, Etzelsbach 2011.jpg|thumb|Benedict in his Mercedes-Benz-M-Class popemobile in the Marian pilgrimage site of Etzelsbach, 2011]]
During Benedict's inaugural Mass, the previous custom of every cardinal submitting to the pope was replaced by being greeted by twelve people, including cardinals, clergy, religious, a married couple and their child, and some who were newly [[confirmed]] people; the cardinals had formally sworn their obedience upon the election of the new pontiff. He began using an open-topped [[Popemobile|papal car]], saying that he wanted to be closer to the people. Benedict continued the tradition of his predecessor John Paul{{nbsp}}II and baptised several infants in the [[Sistine Chapel]] at the beginning of each year, on the [[Feast of the Baptism of the Lord]], in his pastoral role as [[Bishop of Rome]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aldern |first1=Natalie |title=16 Babies Baptized by Benedict in Sistine Chapel |url=https://www.italymagazine.com/featured-story/16-babies-baptized-benedict-sistine-chapel |work=Italy Magazine |access-date=11 August 2021}}</ref>

==== Beatifications ====
{{see also|List of people beatified by Pope Benedict XVI|date= May 2024}}
During his pontificate, Benedict{{nbsp}}XVI beatified 870 people. On 9 May 2005, Benedict{{nbsp}}XVI began the [[beatification]] process for his predecessor, Pope John Paul{{nbsp}}II. Normally, five years must pass after a person's death before the beatification process can begin. However, in an audience with Benedict, [[Camillo Ruini]], vicar general of the [[Diocese of Rome]] and the official responsible for promoting the [[canonization|cause for canonization]] of any person who dies within that diocese, cited "exceptional circumstances" which suggested that the waiting period could be waived. (This had happened before, when Pope Paul{{nbsp}}VI waived the five-year rule and announced beatification processes for two of his own predecessors, [[Pope Pius&nbsp;XII]] and [[Pope John&nbsp;XXIII]]. Benedict{{nbsp}}XVI followed this precedent when he waived the five-year rule for John Paul{{nbsp}}II.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/csaints/documents/rc_con_csaints_doc_20050509_rescritto-gpii_en.html |title=Response of His Holiness Benedict XVI for the examination of the cause for beatification and canonization of the Servant of God John Paul II |publisher=Vatican.va |date=9 May 2005 |access-date=2 February 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110181753/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/csaints/documents/rc_con_csaints_doc_20050509_rescritto-gpii_en.html |archive-date=10 November 2011}}</ref>) The decision was announced on 13 May 2005, the Feast of [[Our Lady of Fátima]] and the 24th anniversary of the attempt on John Paul{{nbsp}}II's life.<ref>{{cite news |author=Drummer, Alexander |url=http://www.zenit.org/article-13001?l=english |title=Waiting Period Waived for John Paul II |agency=Zenit News Agency |date=13 May 2005 |access-date=24 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121001064726/http://www.zenit.org/article-13001?l=english |archive-date=1 October 2012}}</ref> John Paul{{nbsp}}II often credited Our Lady of Fátima for preserving him on that day. Cardinal Ruini inaugurated the diocesan phase of the cause for beatification in the Lateran Basilica on 28 June 2005.<ref>{{cite news |author=Drummer, Alexander |url=http://www.zenit.org/article-13422?l=english |title=John Paul II's Cause for Beatification Opens |agency=Zenit News Agency |date=28 June 2005 |access-date=24 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607233645/http://www.zenit.org/article-13422?l=english |archive-date=7 June 2011}}</ref>

The first beatification under the new pope was celebrated on 14 May 2005, by [[José Cardinal Saraiva Martins]], Cardinal Prefect of the [[Congregation for the Causes of Saints]]. The new Blesseds were [[Marianne Cope]] and [[Ascensión Nicol Goñi]]. Cardinal [[Clemens August Graf von Galen]] was beatified on 9 October 2005. [[Mariano de la Mata]] was beatified in November 2006 and [[Rosa Eluvathingal]] was beatified on 3 December of that year, and [[Basil Moreau]] was beatified in September 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.holycrossusa.org/spirituality/our-founder-blessed-basil-moreau-csc/ |title=Our Founder |publisher=Congregation of Holy Cross |date=24 August 2011 |access-date=8 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111016095517/http://www.holycrossusa.org/spirituality/our-founder-blessed-basil-moreau-csc/ |archive-date=16 October 2011}}</ref> In October 2008, the following beatifications took place: [[Maria Anna Donati|Celestine of the Mother of God]], Giuseppina Nicoli, Hendrina Stenmanns, Maria Rosa Flesch, Marta Anna Wiecka, [[Michael Sopocko]], [[Petrus Kibe Kasui and 187 Companions]], [[Candelaria of San José|Susana Paz-Castillo Ramírez]], and Maria Isbael Salvat Romero.

On 19 September 2010, during his [[State visit by Pope Benedict XVI to the United Kingdom|visit to the United Kingdom]], Benedict personally proclaimed the beatification of [[John Henry Newman]].<ref name="Beatification">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11360529|title=Pope beatifies Cardinal Newman as his UK tour ends (with video clip)|work=BBC News|date=19 September 2010}}</ref>

Unlike his predecessor, Benedict delegated the beatification liturgical service to a cardinal. On 29 September 2005, the Congregation for the Causes of Saints issued a communiqué announcing that henceforth beatifications would be celebrated by a representative of the pope, usually the prefect of that Congregation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/csaints/documents/rc_con_csaints_doc_20050929_comunicato_en.html |title=Communiqué on beatification process |publisher=Vatican.va |date=29 September 2005 |access-date=2 February 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103085410/https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/csaints/documents/rc_con_csaints_doc_20050929_comunicato_en.html |archive-date=3 November 2011}}</ref>

==== Canonizations ====
[[File:BentoXVI-43-11052007.jpg|thumb|Benedict at the canonization of the Brazilian friar [[Frei Galvão]], 2007]]
{{see also|List of saints canonized by Pope Benedict XVI|date=May 2024}}
During his pontificate, Benedict{{nbsp}}XVI [[Canonization|canonized]] 45 people.<ref>{{cite web |title=How Do You Become a Saint? What to Know About Canonization |date=27 April 2014 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/new-saints/how-do-you-become-saint-what-know-about-canonization-n89846 |publisher=NBC News |access-date=11 August 2021}}</ref> He celebrated his first canonizations on 23 October 2005 in St. Peter's Square with the [[canonized|Canonizations]] of [[Josef Bilczewski]], [[Alberto Hurtado]], [[Zygmunt Gorazdowski]], [[Gaetano Catanoso]], and [[Felice da Nicosia]]. The canonizations were part of a mass that marked the conclusion of the [[General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops]] and the [[Year of the Eucharist]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/homilies/2005/documents/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20051023_canonizations_en.html |title=Canonization of the Blesseds |publisher=Vatican.va |date=23 October 2005 |access-date=2 February 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018164211/https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/homilies/2005/documents/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20051023_canonizations_en.html |archive-date=18 October 2011}}</ref> Benedict canonized Bishop [[Rafael Guízar y Valencia]], [[Théodore Guérin]], [[Filippo Smaldone]], and [[Rosa Venerini]] on 15 October 2006.

During his visit to Brazil in 2007, Benedict presided over the canonization of [[Frei Galvão]] on 11 May, while [[George Preca]], founder of the Malta-based [[{{text|MUSEUM}}]], [[Szymon of Lipnica]], [[Charles of Mount Argus]], and [[Marie-Eugénie de Jésus]] were canonized in a ceremony held at the [[Apostolic Palace|Vatican]] on 3 June 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ewtn.com/vnews/getstory.asp?number=76178 |title=Pope Schedules Five Canonizations for May–June |publisher=EWTN |date=23 February 2007 |access-date=2 February 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206083133/http://www.ewtn.com/vnews/getstory.asp?number=76178 |archive-date=6 December 2010}}</ref> Preca is the first Maltese saint since the country's conversion to Christianity in A.D. 60 when St. Paul converted the inhabitants.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cathnews.com/article.aspx?aeid=4346 |title=Malta to get its first saint |publisher=CathNews |date=2 March 2007 |access-date=8 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120103442/http://www.cathnews.com/article.aspx?aeid=4346 |archive-date=20 January 2012}}</ref> In October 2008, the following canonizations took place: [[Alphonsa of the Immaculate Conception]] of India,<ref>[http://en.radiovaticana.va/storico/2008/03/01/pope_announces_canonisation_of_indias_first_native_woman_saint/en1-190137 "Pope Announces Canonisation of India's First Native Woman Saint"]. [[Vatican Radio]]. 1 March 2008. Retrieved 3 August 2013.</ref> [[Gaetano Errico]], [[Narcisa de Jesus Martillo Moran]], and [[Maria Bernarda Bütler]]. In April 2009, the Pope canonized [[Arcangelo Tadini]], [[Bernardo Tolomei]], [[Nuno Álvares Pereira]], [[Geltrude Comensoli]], and [[Caterina Volpicelli]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/homilies/2009/documents/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20090426_canonizzazioni.html|title=26 April 2009: Holy Mass for the Canonization of Arcangelo Tadini, Bernardo Tolomei, Nuno de Santa Maria Alvares Pereira, Gertrude Comensoli and Caterina Volpicelli &#124; Benedict XVI|website=vatican.va}}</ref> In October of the same year he canonized [[Jeanne Jugan]], [[Damien de Veuster]], [[Zygmunt Szczęsny Feliński]], [[Francisco Coll Guitart]], and [[Rafael Arnáiz Barón]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expatica.com/es/news/spanish-news/Pope-canonises-_lepers_-apostle_-and-four-others-_57173.html|title=Pope canonises 'lepers' apostle' and four others|access-date=26 January 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925185810/http://www.expatica.com/es/news/spanish-news/Pope-canonises-_lepers_-apostle_-and-four-others-_57173.html|archive-date=25 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/homilies/2009/documents/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20091011_canonizzazioni.html|title=11 October 2009: Canonization of five new Saints: Zygmunt Szczęsny Feliński, Francisco Coll y Guitart, Josef Daamian de Veuster, Rafael Arnáiz Barón, Marie de la Croix (Jeanne) Jugan &#124; Benedict XVI|website=vatican.va}}</ref>

On 17 October 2010, Benedict canonized [[André Bessette]], a French-Canadian; [[Stanisław Sołtys]], a 15th-century Polish priest; Italian nuns [[Giulia Salzano]] and [[Camilla Battista da Varano]]; Spanish nun [[Candida Maria de Jesus Cipitria y Barriola]]; and the first Australian saint, [[Mary MacKillop]].<ref>Winfield, Nicole [http://www.aolnews.com/2010/10/17/pope-creates-first-australian-saint-5-others/ "Pope Creates First Australian Saint, 5 Others"] [[AOL]] News 17 October 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2011 [https://web.archive.org/web/20101228141825/http://www.aolnews.com/2010/10/17/pope-creates-first-australian-saint-5-others/ WebCitation archive]</ref> On 23 October 2011, he canonized three saints: a Spanish nun [[Bonifacia Rodríguez y Castro]], Italian archbishop [[Guido Maria Conforti]], and Italian priest [[Luigi Guanella]].<ref>Kerr, David [https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/23611/pope-benedict-canonizes-three-new-saints "Pope Benedict canonizes three new saints"]</ref> In December 2011, the Pope formally recognized the validity of the miracles necessary to proceed with the canonizations of [[Kateri Tekakwitha]], who would be the first Native American saint; Marianne Cope, a nun working with [[lepers]] in what is now the state of Hawaii; [[Giovanni Battista Piamarta]], an Italian priest; [[Jacques Berthieu]], a French Jesuit priest and African [[martyr]]; [[Carmen Salles y Barangueras]], a Spanish nun and founder of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception; [[Peter Calungsod]], a lay [[catechist]] and martyr from the Philippines; and [[Anna Schäffer]], whose desire to be a missionary was unfulfilled on account of her illness.<ref>Glatz, Carol [http://www.the-tidings.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1903:pope-advances-sainthood-causes-of-kateri-tekakwitha-others&catid=114:national&Itemid=403 "Pope advances sainthood causes of Kateri Tekakwitha, others"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630082301/http://www.the-tidings.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1903%3Apope-advances-sainthood-causes-of-kateri-tekakwitha-others&catid=114%3Anational&Itemid=403 |date=30 June 2013}} The Tidings Online 23 December 2011. Retrieved 13 January 2012</ref> They were canonized on 21 October 2012.<ref>Donadio, Rachel [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/22/nyregion/pope-canonizes-kateri-tekewitha-and-marianne-cope.html "Pope Canonizes 7 Saints, Including 2 Women With New York Ties"] ''The New York Times'', 21 October 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2012</ref>

==== Doctors of the Church ====
On 7 October 2012, Benedict named [[Hildegard of Bingen]] and [[John of Ávila]] as [[Doctors of the Church]], the 34th and 35th individuals so recognized in the history of Christianity.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/pope-names-2-church-doctors-preacher-st-john-of-avila-and-mystic-st-hildegard-of-bingen |title=Pope names 2 church doctors: preacher St. John of Avila and mystic St. Hildegard of Bingen |publisher=Fox News |date=26 June 2012 |access-date=9 October 2012}}</ref>