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==Transcription== The following plosives have been given dedicated symbols in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ Symbols for plosive consonants ! {{angbr IPA|p}} | [[voiceless bilabial plosive]] ! {{angbr IPA|b}} | [[voiced bilabial plosive]] |- ! {{angbr IPA|t}} | [[voiceless alveolar plosive]] ! {{angbr IPA|d}} | [[voiced alveolar plosive]] |- ! {{angbr IPA|ʈ}} | [[voiceless retroflex plosive]] ! {{angbr IPA|ɖ}} | [[voiced retroflex plosive]] |- ! {{angbr IPA|c}} | [[voiceless palatal plosive]] ! {{angbr IPA|ɟ}} | [[voiced palatal plosive]] |- ! {{angbr IPA|k}} | [[voiceless velar plosive]] ! {{angbr IPA|ɡ}} | [[voiced velar plosive]] |- ! {{angbr IPA|q}} | [[voiceless uvular plosive]] ! {{angbr IPA|ɢ}} | [[voiced uvular plosive]] |- ! {{angbr IPA|ʡ}} | [[epiglottal plosive]] | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | |- ! {{angbr IPA|ʔ}} | [[glottal stop]] |} ===English=== {| class="wikitable" ! {{IPA|[p t k]}} | voiceless,<br />aspirated word-initially, tenuis in clusters after ''s'', word-final often with no audible release |- ! {{IPA|[b d ɡ]}} | unaspirated,<br />partially voiced word-initially, fully voiced intervocalically, fully devoiced when word-final |- ! {{IPA|[ʔ]}} | [[glottal stop]], not as a [[phoneme]] in most dialects |} ===Variations=== Many subclassifications of plosives are transcribed by adding a [[diacritic]] or [[modifier letter]] to the IPA symbols above. {| class="wikitable" |+ [[Phonation]] and [[voice-onset time]] ! {{angbr IPA| t}} | voiceless ! {{angbr IPA| d}} | voiced |- ! {{angbr IPA|t˭}} | tenuis ! {{angbr IPA|tʰ}} | aspirated |- | colspan="2" | ! {{angbr IPA| dʱ}} | breathy-voiced |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Airstream mechanism ! {{angbr IPA|t}} | ! {{angbr IPA|d}} | pulmonic egressive |- ! {{angbr IPA|tʼ}} | ejective ! {{angbr IPA|ɗ}} | implosive |- ! {{angbr IPA|!}} | click | colspan="2" | |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Nasality ! {{angbr IPA|ⁿd}} | prenasalized ! {{angbr IPA|dⁿ}} | nasally released |} {| class="wikitable" ! {{angbr IPA|d̥}} | lenis:<br />{{angbr IPA|d}} with [[voicelessness]] diacritic ! {{angbr IPA|t͈}} | tense ! {{angbr IPA|tt dd}}<br />{{angbr IPA|tː dː}} | geminate |}
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