Editing Pituitary gland (section)

=== Etymology ===
{{Wiktionary|pituitary gland|hypophysis}}

==== Pituitary gland ====
The Greek [[physician]] [[Galen]] referred to the pituitary gland by only using the ([[Ancient Greek]]) name {{Lang|grc|ἀδήν}},<ref name="Hyrtl1880">Hyrtl, J. (1880). ''Onomatologia Anatomica. Geschichte und Kritik der anatomischen Sprache der Gegenwart.'' Wien: Wilhelm Braumüller. K.K. Hof- und Universitätsbuchhändler.</ref> ''gland''.<ref name="Liddell & Scott">Liddell, H.G. & Scott, R. (1940). ''A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones. with the assistance of. Roderick McKenzie.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.</ref> He described the pituitary gland as part of a series of secretory organs for the excretion of [[nasal mucus]].<ref name="Hyrtl1880"/> Anatomist [[Andreas Vesalius]] translated {{Lang|grc|ἀδήν}} with ''glans, in quam pituita destillat'', "gland in which slime (''pituita''<ref name="Lewis & Short">Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879). ''A Latin dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.</ref>) drips".<ref name="Hyrtl1880"/><ref name="Schreger">Schreger, C.H.Th.(1805). ''Synonymia anatomica. Synonymik der anatomischen Nomenclatur.'' Fürth: im Bureau für Literatur.</ref> Besides this 'descriptive' name, Vesalius used ''glandula pituitaria'', from which the English name ''pituitary gland''<ref name="Dorland">Anderson, D.M. (2000). ''Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary'' (29th edition). Philadelphia/London/Toronto/Montreal/Sydney/Tokyo: W.B. Saunders Company.</ref> is ultimately derived.

The expression ''glandula pituitaria'' is still used as official synonym beside ''hypophysis'' in the official Latin nomenclature ''[[Terminologia Anatomica]]''.<ref name="FCAT">Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT) (1998). ''Terminologia Anatomica''. Stuttgart: Thieme</ref> In the seventeenth century the supposed function of the pituitary gland to produce nasal mucus was debunked.<ref name="Hyrtl1880"/> The expression ''glandula pituitaria'' and its English equivalent ''pituitary gland'' can only be justified from a historical point of view.<ref name="Triepel1927">Triepel, H. (1927). ''Die anatomischen Namen. Ihre Ableitung und Aussprache. Anhang: Biographische Notizen.''(Elfte Auflage). München: Verlag J.F. Bergmann.</ref> The inclusion of this synonym is merely justified by noting that the main term ''hypophysis'' is a much less popular term.<ref name="NA3-62">International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee (1966). ''Nomina Anatomica''. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica Foundation, p. 62</ref>

==== Hypophysis ====
{{Anchor|Hypophysial|Hypophyseal}}
Note: ''hypophysial'' (or ''hypophyseal'') means "related to the hypophysis (pituitary gland)".

The German anatomist [[Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring]] coined the name ''hypophysis''.<ref name="Hyrtl1880"/> This name consists<ref name="Hyrtl1880"/><ref name="Triepel1927"/> of ὑπό ('under')<ref name="Liddell & Scott"/> and φύειν ('to grow').<ref name="Liddell & Scott"/> In later Greek ὑπόφυσις is used differently by Greek physicians as ''outgrowth''.<ref name="Hyrtl1880"/> Sömmering also used the equivalent expression ''appendix cerebri'',<ref name="Hyrtl1880"/><ref name="Schreger"/> with ''appendix'' as ''appendage''.<ref name="Lewis & Short"/> In various languages, {{Lang|de|Hirnanhang}}<ref name="Schreger"/> in [[German language|German]] and {{Lang|nl|hersenaanhangsel}}<ref name="Pinkhof1923">Pinkhof, H. (1923). ''Vertalend en verklarend woordenboek van uitheemsche geneeskundige termen.'' Haarlem: De Erven F. Bohn.</ref> in [[Dutch language|Dutch]], the terms are derived from ''appendix cerebri''.