Editing Philosophical Investigations (section)

== Response and influence ==
In a 1999 poll of philosophers by the journal ''[[Philosophical Forum]]'', the ''Philosophical Investigations'' was the most named work in response to the prompt to name the top five most important books in 20th century philosophy.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lackey |first1=Douglas P. |title=What are the modern classics? The Baruch poll of great philosophy in the twentieth century |journal=[[Philosophical Forum]] |date=1999 |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=329–346 |doi=10.1111/0031-806X.00022 |url=https://philpapers.org/rec/LACWAT}}</ref>

[[Bertrand Russell]] in his book ''[[My Philosophical Development]]'', wrote that "I have not found in Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations anything that seemed to me interesting and I do not understand why a whole school finds important wisdom in its pages."<ref>{{Cite book |title=My Philosophical Development |url=https://archive.org/details/myphilosophicald0000russ |url-access=registration |last=Russell |first=Bertrand |publisher=Allen & Unwin |year=1959 |isbn=0-04-192015-5 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/myphilosophicald0000russ/page/216 216]–217}}</ref>

In his book ''Words and Things'', [[Ernest Gellner]] was fiercely critical of the work of [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], [[J. L. Austin]], [[Gilbert Ryle]], [[Antony Flew]], {{nowrap|[[P. F. Strawson]]}} and many others. Ryle refused to have the book reviewed in the philosophical journal ''[[Mind (journal)|Mind]]'' (which he edited), and [[Bertrand Russell]] (who had written an approving foreword) protested in a letter to ''[[The Times]]''. A response from Ryle and a lengthy correspondence ensued.<ref>T. P. Uschanov, [http://www.helsinki.fi/~tuschano/writings/strange/ The Strange Death of Ordinary Language Philosophy]. The controversy has been described by the writer [[Ved Mehta]] in ''Fly and the Fly-Bottle: Encounters with British Intellectuals'' (1963).</ref>

The first English translation of [[Karl Rahner]]'s {{lang|de|Schriften zur Theologie}} was named ''Theological Investigations'',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fritz |first1=Peter Joseph |title=Karl Rahner's Theological Aesthetics |date=2014 |publisher=Catholic University Press of America |page=112}}</ref> this title choice was by translator and former student of Wittgenstein, the theologian [[Cornelius Ernst]], as a homage to the book.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kerr |first1=Fergus |title=Anscombe, Ernst And McCabe |journal=Divus Thomas |date=April 2022 |volume=125 |issue=1 |pages=42–70}}</ref>

Besides stressing the differences between the ''Investigations'' and the ''Tractatus'', some critical approaches have claimed there to be more continuity and similarity between the two works than many suppose. One of these is the [[New Wittgenstein]] approach.
=== Kripkenstein ===
The discussion of private languages was revitalised in 1982 with the publication of [[Saul Kripke|Kripke]]'s book ''[[Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language]]''.<ref>Kripke, Saul. ''Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language''. Basil Blackwell Publishing, 1982.</ref> In this work, Kripke uses Wittgenstein's text to develop a particular type of scepticism about rules that stresses the <em>communal</em> nature of language-use as grounding meaning.<ref>Stern 2004:2–7</ref> Critics of Kripke's version of Wittgenstein have facetiously referred to it as "Kripkenstein",<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jenkins |first=Carrie Ichikawa |author-link=Carrie Ichikawa Jenkins |date=June 2011 |title=Kripkenstein and the Cleverly Disguised Mules |journal=Analytic Philosophy |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=88–99 |doi=10.1111/j.2153-960X.2011.00521.x}}</ref> with scholars such as [[Gordon Baker]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Baker |first1=Gordon |last2=Hacker |first2=Peter |date=March 1984 |title=On Misunderstanding Wittgenstein: Kripke's Private Language Argument |journal=[[Synthese]] |volume=58 |issue=3 |pages=407–450 |doi=10.1007/BF00485249 |s2cid=46958320 |author1-link=Gordon Baker |author2-link=Peter Hacker}}</ref> [[Peter Hacker]],<ref name=":0" /> [[Colin McGinn]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Heal |first=Jane |author-link=Jane Heal |date=July 1986 |title=Wittgenstein, Kripke and Meaning: Review of "Wittgenstein on Meaning" by Colin McGinn |jstor=2220196 |journal=[[The Philosophical Quarterly]] |volume=36 |issue=144 |pages=412, 414, 416–418|doi=10.2307/2220196 }}</ref> and [[John McDowell]]<ref>{{Cite journal |first=John |last=McDowell |author-link=John McDowell |date=March 1984 |title=Wittgenstein on Following a Rule |journal=[[Synthese]] |volume=58 |issue=3 |pages=328–333, 336–338, 342–344 |doi=10.1007/BF00485246 |s2cid=46982326}}</ref> seeing it as a radical misinterpretation of Wittgenstein's text. Other philosophers{{snd}}such as [[Martin Kusch]]{{snd}}have defended Kripke's views.<ref>{{Cite book |title=A Sceptical Guide to Meaning and Rules: Defending Kripke's Wittgenstein |last=Kusch |first=Martin |author-link=Martin Kusch |publisher=[[McGill-Queen's University Press]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7735-3166-6 |location=Montreal}}</ref>

=== Popular culture ===
The album, ''[[The Rose Has Teeth in the Mouth of a Beast]]'' and it's title track "Roses and Teeth for Ludwig Wittgenstein", by electronic duo [[Matmos]] is named after a quote from the book.<ref>Scott McKeating, [http://www.stylusmagazine.com/reviews/matmos/the-rose-has-teeth-in-the-mouth-of-the-beast.htm ''The Rose Has Teeth in the Mouth of a Beast'' review] ''[[Stylus Magazine]]'', 9 May 2006. Retrieved 1 November 2015.</ref> [[Steve Reich]]'s song, "You Are (Variations)", also contain a quote from the book: "Explanations come to an end somewhere".<ref>{{cite web |title=You Are (Variations) (2004) |url=https://stevereich.com/composition/you-are-variations/ |publisher=stevereich.com}}</ref>