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===Modern members=== Odd-toed ungulates comprise three living families with around 17 species—in horses, however, the exact count is still controversial. Rhinos and tapirs are more closely related to each other than to horses. According to molecular genetic analysis, the separation of horses from other perissodactyls took place in the [[Paleocene]] some 56 million years ago, while the rhinos and tapirs split off in the lower-middle [[Eocene]], about 47 million years ago. {| class="wikitable" style="float:right;" |- |+ Internal relationships of extant Perissodactyla<ref>{{cite journal|author1= Christelle Tougard|author2=Thomas Delefosse|author3=Catherine Hänni|author4=Claudine Montgelard|title=Phylogenetic Relationships of the Five Extant Rhinoceros species (Rhinocerotidae, Perissodactyla) Based on Mitochondrial Cytochrome b and 12S rRNA gene|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|year=2001|pages=34–44|doi=10.1006/mpev.2000.0903|volume=19|issue=1|pmid=11286489|bibcode=2001MolPE..19...34T |url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/16553/files/PAL_E3210.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Cynthia C. Steiner|author2=Oliver A. Ryder|title=Molecular phylogeny and evolution of the Perissodactyla|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|year=2011|pages=1289–1303|doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00752.x|volume=163|issue=4|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Mario A. Cozzuol|author2=Camila L. Clozato|author3=Elizete C. Holanda|author4=Flávio HG Rodrigues|author5=Samuel Nienow|author6=Benoit de Thoisy|author7=Rodrigo Redondo|author8=AF Fabrício R. Santos|title= A new species of tapir from the Amazon|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=94|issue=6|page=1331 to 1345|doi=10.1644/12-MAMM-A-169.1 |year=2013|doi-access=free}}</ref> |- |{{Clade|style=font-size:75%; line-height:100% |label1='''Perissodactyla''' |1={{Clade |1={{Clade |label1=[[Equidae]] |1={{Clade |1=''[[Equus ferus]]'' |2={{Clade |1=''[[Equus asinus]]'' |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=''[[Equus hemionus]]'' |2=''[[Equus kiang]]'' }} |2={{Clade |1=''[[Equus zebra]]'' |2={{Clade |1=''[[Equus grevyi]]'' |2=''[[Equus quagga]]'' }} }} }} }} }} |2={{Clade |label1=[[Tapiridae]] |1={{Clade |1=''[[Tapirus indicus]]'' |2={{Clade |1=''[[Tapirus bairdii]]'' |2={{Clade |1=''[[Tapirus kabomani]]'' |2={{Clade |1=''[[Tapirus pinchaque]]'' |2=''[[Tapirus terrestris]]'' }} }} }} }} |label2=[[Rhinocerotidae]] |2={{Clade |1={{Clade |1=''[[Ceratotherium simum]]'' |2=''[[Diceros bicornis]]'' }} |2={{Clade |1=''[[Dicerorhinus sumatrensis]]'' |2={{Clade |1=''[[Rhinoceros sondaicus]]'' |2=''[[Rhinoceros unicornis]]'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |} * '''Order Perissodactyla''' **'''Suborder Hippomorpha''' ***'''Family [[Equidae]]''': horses and allies, seven species in one genus **** [[Wild horse]], ''Equus ferus'' *****[[Tarpan]], [[Extinction|†]]''Equus ferus ferus'' ***** [[Przewalski's horse]], ''Equus ferus przewalskii'' ***** Domestic [[horse]], ''Equus ferus caballus'' **** [[African wild ass]], ''Equus africanus'' *****[[Nubian wild ass]], ''Equus africanus africanus'' ***** [[Somali wild ass]], ''Equus africanus somaliensis'' ***** Domesticated ass ([[donkey]]), ''Equus africanus asinus'' ***** [[Atlas wild ass]], [[Extinction|†]]''Equus africanus atlanticus'' **** [[Onager]] or Asiatic wild ass, ''Equus hemionus'' ***** [[Mongolian wild ass]], ''Equus hemionus hemionus'' ***** [[Turkmenian kulan]], ''Equus hemionus kulan'' ***** [[Persian onager]], ''Equus hemionus onager'' ***** [[Indian wild ass]], ''Equus hemionus khur'' ***** [[Syrian wild ass]], [[Extinction|†]]''Equus hemionus hemippus'' **** [[Kiang]] or Tibetan wild ass, ''Equus kiang'' ***** Western kiang, ''Equus kiang kiang'' ***** Eastern kiang, ''Equus kiang holdereri'' ***** Southern kiang, ''Equus kiang polyodon'' **** [[Plains zebra]], ''Equus quagga'' ***** [[Quagga]], [[Extinction|†]]''Equus quagga quagga'' ***** [[Burchell's zebra]], ''Equus quagga burchellii'' ***** [[Grant's zebra]], ''Equus quagga boehmi'' ***** [[Maneless zebra]], ''Equus quagga borensis'' ***** [[Chapman's zebra]], ''Equus quagga chapmani'' ***** [[Crawshay's zebra]], ''Equus quagga crawshayi'' ***** [[Selous' zebra]], ''Equus quagga selousi'' **** [[Mountain zebra]], ''Equus zebra'' *****[[Cape mountain zebra]], ''Equus zebra zebra'' *****[[Hartmann's mountain zebra]], ''Equus zebra hartmannae'' ****[[Grévy's zebra]], ''Equus grevyi'' ** '''Suborder Ceratomorpha''' ***'''Family [[Tapir]]idae''': tapirs, five species in one genus ****[[South American tapir|Brazilian tapir]], ''Tapirus terrestris'' **** [[Mountain tapir]], ''Tapirus pinchaque'' **** [[Baird's tapir]], ''Tapirus bairdii'' **** [[Malayan tapir]], ''Tapirus indicus'' ****[[Tapirus kabomani|Kabomani tapir]], ''Tapirus kabomani'' *** '''Family [[Rhinocerotidae]]''': rhinoceroses, five species in four genera ****[[Black rhinoceros]], ''Diceros bicornis'' ***** [[Southern black rhinoceros]], [[Extinction|†]]''Diceros bicornis bicornis'' ***** [[North-eastern black rhinoceros]], [[Extinction|†]]''Diceros bicornis brucii'' ***** [[Chobe black rhinoceros]], ''Diceros bicornis chobiensis'' ***** [[Uganda black rhinoceros]], ''Diceros bicornis ladoensis'' ***** [[Western black rhinoceros]], [[Extinction|†]]''Diceros bicornis longipes'' ***** [[Eastern black rhinoceros]], ''Diceros bicornis michaeli'' ***** [[South-central black rhinoceros]], ''Diceros bicornis minor'' ***** [[South-western black rhinoceros]], ''Diceros bicornis occidentalis'' **** [[White rhinoceros]], ''Ceratotherium simum'' ***** [[Southern white rhinoceros]], ''Ceratotherium simum simum'' ***** [[Northern white rhinoceros]], ''Ceratotherium simum cottoni'' **** [[Indian rhinoceros]], ''Rhinoceros unicornis'' **** [[Javan rhinoceros]], ''Rhinoceros sondaicus'' ***** Indonesian Javan rhinoceros, ''Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus'' ***** Vietnamese Javan rhinoceros, ''[[Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus]]'' ***** [[Lesser Indian rhinoceros|Indian Javan rhinoceros]], [[Extinction|†]]''Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis'' **** [[Sumatran rhinoceros]], ''Dicerorhinus sumatrensis'' ***** Western Sumatran rhinoceros, ''Dicerorhinus sumatrensis sumatrensis'' *****[[Bornean rhinoceros|Eastern Sumatran rhinoceros]], ''Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni'' ***** [[Northern Sumatran rhinoceros]], [[Extinction|†]]''Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis''
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