Editing Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques (section)

==== 16th–18th century ====
{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2023}}
[[File:Drapeau Béarn et Pyrénées.JPG|thumb|The [[Béarn]]ese flag, floating in the Pyrénées]]
In 1464, [[Gaston IV, Count of Foix|Gaston IV of Foix-Béarn]], after he married the Infanta [[Eleanor of Navarre|Eleanor of Aragon]], transferred his Court of Orthez to Pau.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://flagspot.net/flags/fr-bearn.html|title=Béarn (Traditional province, France)|access-date=11 April 2015}}</ref> Pau thus became the fourth historic capital of [[Béarn]], after [[Lescar]], [[Morlaàs]] and [[Orthez]]. The city had a municipal charter; fairs took place, like the Béarn states. He transformed the curtain walls of his castle home.

In 1512, it became the capital of the [[List of Navarrese monarchs|Kings of Navarre]], who were refugees north of the Pyrenees, after the capture of [[Pamplona]] by the Spaniards. In 1520, it had a sovereign council and a chamber of accounts.

In 1527, [[Henry II of Navarre|Henri d'Albret]], King of Navarre and sovereign viscountcy of Béarn, married [[Marguerite de Navarre|Marguerite of Angoulême]], sister of [[Francis I of France]]: She transformed the château in the [[Renaissance architecture|Renaissance style]] and created its gardens.

In 1553, his daughter, [[Jeanne d'Albret]], gave birth to [[Henry IV of France|Henry III of Navarre]] by singing a song of Béarn to the Virgin Mary, so that the future Henry IV was "neither fearful nor balked." She had crossed into France to ensure her son would be born there. The baby's lips were moistened with the local [[Jurançon (grape)|Jurançon wine]] and rubbed with garlic shortly after birth. When Henry IV left Pau to become King of France, he remarked to local notables that he was not giving Béarn to France, but giving France to Béarn.

[[File:Parlement de Navarre Pau.JPG|thumb|Parlement de Navarre]]
The troops of [[Charles IX of France|Charles IX]] took the city, but d'Albret took over in 1569. [[Catherine de Bourbon|Catherine of Bourbon]], sister of Henri IV, governed [[Béarn]] in his place.

In 1619, Pau revolted. [[Louis XIII of France|Louis XIII]] occupied it and, after receiving the submission of the fortified town of [[Navarrenx]], pronounced the attachment of Béarn and Navarre to France by the edict of 20 October 1620. It thus transformed the sovereign Council of Béarn in the Parliament of Navarre, joining the future courses of Pau and [[Saint-Palais, Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Saint-Palais]].

Pau had a new enclosure in 1649, and then a university in 1722.

King [[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Charles XIV of Sweden]], the first royal [[House of Bernadotte|Bernadotte]], was born in Pau in the 18th century.

On 14 October 1790, it was declared, after Navarrenx, the new capital of the Department of Basses-Pyrénées. This status was removed on 11 October 1795 in favor of [[Oloron-Sainte-Marie|Oloron]], then made permanent on 5 March 1796.