Editing Paraphilia (section)

== In ancient cultures ==
Paraphilic fantasies and behaviors have been registered in multiple old and ancient sources. Voyeurism, bestiality and exhibitionism have been described in the [[Bible]]. Sexual relations with animals have also been depicted in [[cave painting]]s.<ref>{{Citation |last=Balon |first=Richard |title=General Information: History, Etiology and Theory (e.g., Courtship), Diagnosis, Comorbidity and Prevalence |date=2016 |work=Practical Guide to Paraphilia and Paraphilic Disorders |pages=15–29 |editor-last=Balon |editor-first=Richard |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-42650-1_2 |access-date=2024-01-25 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-42650-1_2 |isbn=978-3-319-42648-8}}</ref> Some ancient sex manuals such as the ''[[Kama Sutra]]'' (450), ''[[Ratirahasya|Koka Shastra]]'' (1150) and ''[[Ananga Ranga]]'' (1500) discuss biting, marks left after sex and love blows. Although evidence suggests that paraphilic behaviors have existed prior to the [[Renaissance]], it is difficult to ascertain how common they were and how many people had persistent paraphilic fantasies in ancient times.<ref name=":2" />

[[File:Esther Huillard - Leda et le cygne.jpg|thumb|"Leda and the Swan" (from [[Leda and the Swan|the Greek tale]]) by Esther Huillard]]
[[Bestiality]] has been depicted multiple times in Greek mythology, although the act itself usually involved a deity in zoomorphic form, such as Zeus seducing [[Europa (consort of Zeus)|Europa]], [[Leda (mythology)|Leda]] and [[Persephone]] while disguised as a bull, a swan and a serpent, respectively. Zeus was also depicted, in the form of an eagle, abducting [[Ganymede (mythology)|Ganymede]], an act that alludes to both bestiality and pederastry. Some fragments of [[Hittite laws|Hittite law]] include prohibitions of and permissions to engage in specific acts of bestiality.<ref>Peled, Ilan (2020). "Bestiality in Hittite Thought." ''Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society'' 34 (1).</ref>

[[Havelock Ellis]] pointed to an example of sexual masochism in the fifteenth century. The report, written by [[Giovanni Pico della Mirandola]], described a man who could only be aroused by being beaten with a whip dipped in vinegar.<ref name=":2" /> Wilhelm Stekel also noted that [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Rousseau]] also discussed his own masochism in his ''[[Confessions (Rousseau)|Confessions]]''.<ref name="Stekel 2013 p. 17">{{cite book |last=Stekel |first=W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tih-CgAAQBAJ&pg=PT17 |title=Sadism and Masochism – The Psychology of Hatred and Cruelty – Vol. II. |publisher=Read Books Limited |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-4733-8951-9 |page=17 |access-date=2023-06-14 |issue=v. 2}}</ref> Other similar instances of persistent paraphilic fantasies were reported between 1516 and 1643 by [[Coelius Sedulius]], [[Caelius Rhodiginus|Rhodiginus]], Brundel and [[Meibomius]].<ref name=":2" />