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==References== {{reflist|30em|refs= <ref name="Akihabara">{{cite web | url=http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e3003.html | title=Akihabara | publisher=japanguide.com | date=July 24, 2013 | access-date=August 19, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427005552/http://japan-guide.com/e/e3003.html | archive-date=April 27, 2011 }}</ref> <ref name="Behold. A Fleet of Cars Owned by Nerds.">{{cite web | url=http://kotaku.com/5848520/behold-a-fleet-of-cars-owned-by-nerds/ | title=Behold. A Fleet of Cars Owned by Nerds. | publisher=Kotaku | date=11 October 2011 | access-date=13 August 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824161631/http://kotaku.com/5848520/behold-a-fleet-of-cars-owned-by-nerds/ | archive-date=24 August 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Buried Treasure - In Praise of Nerdiness">{{cite news | url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/buried-treasure/2007-11-15 | title=Buried Treasure - In Praise of Nerdiness | work=Anime News Network | date=15 November 2007 | access-date=13 August 2013 | author=Sevakis, Justin | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729055645/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/buried-treasure/2007-11-15 | archive-date=29 July 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Home - Otaku USA Magazine">{{cite web | url=http://www.otakuusamagazine.com/Main/Home.aspx | title=Home - Otaku USA Magazine | publisher=Otaku USA | access-date=14 August 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130913140014/http://otakuusamagazine.com/Main/Home.aspx | archive-date=13 September 2013 }}</ref> <ref name="Itasha: Japan's Creepiest Car Fetish">{{cite web | url=http://jalopnik.com/5320386/itasha-japans-creepiest-car-fetish/ | title=Itasha: Japan's Creepiest Car Fetish | publisher=Jalopnik | date=23 July 2009 | access-date=13 August 2013 | author=Hardigree, Matt | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727111338/http://jalopnik.com/5320386/itasha-japans-creepiest-car-fetish/ | archive-date=27 July 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Mari">{{cite book | title=Robot Ghosts and Wired Dreams | publisher=University of Minnesota Press | first= Tamaki | last= Saitō | author-link= Tamaki Saitō | year=2007 | page=224 | isbn=978-0-8166-4974-7 | editor-last=Bolton | editor-first=Christopher | editor-last2=Csicsery-Ronay Jr. | editor-first2=Istvan | editor-last3=Tatsumi | editor-first3=Takayuki | location=Minneapolis | translator-last=Bolton | translator-first=Christopher | chapter=Otaku Sexuality}}</ref> <ref name="Modern boys and mobile girls">{{cite news | url=http://observer.guardian.co.uk/life/story/0,6903,466391,00.html | title=Modern boys and mobile girls | newspaper=[[The Observer]] | date=2001-04-01 | access-date=August 19, 2013 | last=Gibson | first=William | location=London | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706143608/http://observer.guardian.co.uk/life/story/0,6903,466391,00.html | archive-date=July 6, 2008 | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="NRI">{{cite book | title=オタク市場の研究 (Otaku Shijou no Kenkyuu) / Targeting Otaku | publisher=野村総合研究所 (Nomura Research Institute) / Shang and Zhou (Chinese Edition) | author=Zhen, Jiang Yu | date=January 2000 | isbn=978-986-124-768-7}}</ref> <ref name="Nippon_Foundation">{{cite book|last=Pesimo |first=Rudyard C. |title=Reflections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity |publisher=The Nippon Foundation |year=2007 |page=167 |chapter="Asianizing" Animation in Asia: Digital Content Identity Construction within the Animation Landscapes of Japan and Thailand}}</ref> <ref name="Otaku Market in Japan: Key Research Findings 2011">{{cite web | url=http://www.yanoresearch.com/press/pdf/1002.pdf | title=Otaku Market in Japan: Key Research Findings 2011 | publisher=Yano Research | access-date=12 August 2013 | date=15 October 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218055751/http://www.yanoresearch.com/press/pdf/1002.pdf | archive-date=18 December 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Otaku Market in Japan: Key Research Findings 2012">{{cite web | url=http://www.yanoresearch.com/press/press.php/001002 | title=Otaku Market in Japan: Key Research Findings 2012 | publisher=Yano Research Institute | date=October 15, 2012 | access-date=12 August 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630031233/http://www.yanoresearch.com/press/press.php/001002 | archive-date=30 June 2017 | url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Otaku harassed as sex-crime fears mount">{{cite news|title=Otaku harassed as sex-crime fears mount|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fd20050206t3.html|newspaper=The Japan Times|access-date=August 19, 2013|first=Michael|last=Hoffman|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216162834/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fd20050206t3.html|archive-date=December 16, 2007 |date=February 6, 2005}}</ref> <ref name="Otaku: Is it a dirty word?">{{cite web | url=http://geekout.blogs.cnn.com/2011/09/12/otaku-is-it-a-dirty-word/ | title=Otaku: Is it a dirty word? | work=cnnblogs.com | date=12 September 2011 | access-date=19 August 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522190438/http://geekout.blogs.cnn.com/2011/09/12/otaku-is-it-a-dirty-word/ | archive-date=22 May 2013 | url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Tokyo Otaku Mode has 10 million Facebook fans but now what">{{cite web | url=http://www.startup-dating.com/2013/02/tokyo-otaku-mode-has-10-million-facebook-fans-but-now-what | title=Tokyo Otaku Mode has 10 million Facebook fans but now what | publisher=Startup-dating.com | date=February 1, 2013 | access-date=August 19, 2013 | author=Martin, Rick | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130816072102/http://www.startup-dating.com/2013/02/tokyo-otaku-mode-has-10-million-facebook-fans-but-now-what | archive-date=August 16, 2013 | url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="animenewsnetwork">{{cite news | url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2013-07-09/sentai-filmworks-licenses-watamote | title=Sentai Filmworks Licenses WataMote ~ No Matter How I Look at it, It's You Guys' Fault I'm not Popular! | work=Anime News Network | date=9 July 2013 | access-date=13 August 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824094230/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/press-release/2013-07-09/sentai-filmworks-licenses-watamote | archive-date=24 August 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="animenewsnetwork2004">{{cite news | url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/otaku-unite | title=Otaku Unite! - Review | work=Anime News Network | date=2 March 2004 | access-date=13 August 2013 | author=Dong, Bamboo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824174339/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/review/otaku-unite | archive-date=24 August 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="essay">{{cite journal | url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5zb9r8cr# | title=おたく/ Otaku / Geek | website=Center for Japanese Studies UC Berkeley | date=20 April 2012 | access-date=13 August 2013 | author=Morikawa, Kaichirō | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103210102/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5zb9r8cr | archive-date=3 November 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="fan">{{cite book | last=Eng | first=Lawrence | editor1-last=Ito | editor1-first=Mizuko | editor2-last=Okabe | editor2-first=Daisuke | editor3-last=Tsuji | editor3-first= Izumi | title=Fandom Unbound: Otaku Culture in a Connected World | publisher=Yale University Press | date=February 28, 2012 | pages=85–104 | chapter=Chapter 4: Strategies of Engagement: Discovering, Defining, and Describing Otaku Culture in the United States | isbn=978-0-300-15864-9}}</ref> <ref name="gizmodo">{{cite web | url=https://gizmodo.com/5321350/japans-2+d-lovers-falling-in-love-with-a-body-pillow | title=Japan's 2-D Lovers: Falling In Love with a Body Pillow | work=gizmodo.com | date=July 23, 2009 | access-date=August 19, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131201121104/http://gizmodo.com/5321350/japans-2+d-lovers-falling-in-love-with-a-body-pillow | archive-date=December 1, 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="japantimes">{{cite news | url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/02/02/national/cosplay-students-promote-nagoyas-highlights/ | title='Cosplay' students promote Nagoya's highlights | newspaper=The Japan Times | date=2013-02-02 | access-date=2013-02-08 | author=Chunichi Shimbun credited | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701164211/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/02/02/national/cosplay-students-promote-nagoyas-highlights/ | archive-date=2013-07-01 | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="money">{{cite web | url=http://web-japan.org/trends/business/bus050830.html | title=Otaku Business Gives Japan's Economy a Lift | publisher=Web-Japan.org | date=30 August 2005 | access-date=19 August 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314144838/http://web-japan.org/trends/business/bus050830.html | archive-date=14 March 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="mynavi">{{cite web|url=http://news.mynavi.jp/news/2013/04/27/076/ |title=自分のことを「オタク」と認識してる人10代は62%、70代は23% |trans-title=62% of Teens identify as "otaku", 70's 23% |publisher=Mynavi |date=27 April 2013 |access-date=4 February 2014 |first=Michael |last=Jakusoso |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703184904/http://news.mynavi.jp/news/2013/04/27/076 |archive-date=3 July 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="nri2004">{{cite web | url=http://www.nri.co.jp/english/opinion/papers/2004/pdf/np200484.pdf | title=The Otaku Group from a Business Perspective: Revaluation of Enthusiastic Consumers | publisher=Nomura Research Institute | date=1 December 2004 | access-date=12 August 2013 | author=Kitabayashi, Ken | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507221927/http://www.nri.co.jp/english/opinion/papers/2004/pdf/np200484.pdf | archive-date=7 May 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="nri2005">{{cite web | url=http://www.nri.co.jp/english/news/2005/051006.html | title=New Market Scale Estimation for Otaku: Population of 1.72 Million with Market Scale of ¥411 Billion — NRI classifies 5 types of otaku group, proposing a "New 3Cs" marketing frame — | publisher=Nomura Research Institute | date=6 October 2005 | access-date=12 August 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713033155/http://www.nri.co.jp/english/news/2005/051006.html | archive-date=13 July 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="picnic2004">{{cite web |url=http://picnic.to/~ami/ool.htm |title=公開質問状 (Open letter ) |work=NGO-AMI |date=2004-12-09 |access-date=2008-03-04 |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501103354/http://picnic.to/~ami/ool.htm |archive-date=2008-05-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="SDFMeps3and4">{{Cite episode |title=Episodes three (スペース・フォールド/Supēsu Fōrudo/Space Fold) and four (リン・ミンメイ/Rin Minmei/Lynn Minmay) |series=超 時空 要塞マクロス (Chō Jikū Yōsai Makurosu/Super Dimensional Fortress Macross) |series-link=The_Super_Dimension_Fortress_Macross |network=MBS (Mainichi Broadcasting System) |date=October 1982 |season=1 |language=ja}}</ref> }} ===Works cited=== * {{Cite book |last=Galbraith |first=Patrick W. |date=2009 |title=The Otaku Encyclopedia: An Insider's Guide to the Subculture of Cool Japan |others=Foreword: Frederik L. Schodt |location=Tokyo |publisher=Kodansha |isbn=9784770031013 |oclc=318409815}} * {{Cite book |last=Galbraith |first=Patrick W. |date=2012 |title=Otaku Spaces |others=Photographer: Androniki Christodoulou |location=Seattle |publisher=Chin Music Press |isbn=978-0-9844576-5-6 |oclc=709681091}} * {{Cite book |last=Galbraith |first=Patrick W. |year=2019 |title=Otaku and the Struggle for Imagination in Japan |location=Durham, NC |publisher=Duke University Press |doi=10.2307/j.ctv1220mhm |isbn=978-1-4780-0509-4 |jstor=j.ctv1220mhm |oclc=1148100778 |s2cid=240980856}}
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