Editing Oman (section)

==== Treaty of Seeb ====
[[File:Maskat & Oman map.png|thumb|left|The split between the interior region (orange) and the coastal region (red) of Oman and Muscat]]
The [[Hajar Mountains]], of which the [[Jebel Akhdar (Oman)|Jebel Akhdar]] is a part, separate the country into two distinct regions: the interior, and the coastal area dominated by the capital, Muscat.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}} The British imperial development over Muscat and Oman during the 19th century led to the renewed revival of the cause of the Imamate in the interior of Oman, which has appeared in cycles for more than 1,200 years in Oman.<ref name=OQ/> The British Political Agent, who resided in Muscat, owed the alienation of the interior of Oman to the vast influence of the British government over Muscat, which he described as being completely self-interested and without any regard to the social and political conditions of the locals.<ref name=Conditions>Muscat State Affairs. [https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100070535087.0x000015 British National Archive: File 8/67 Muscat State Affairs: Muscat– Oman Treaty] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708103001/https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100070535087.0x000015 |date=8 July 2022 }} British National Archive. File 8/67. Page 20. QDL.</ref> In 1913, Imam Salim Alkharusi instigated an anti-Muscat rebellion that lasted until 1920 when the Sultanate established peace with the Imamate by signing the [[Treaty of Seeb]]. The treaty was brokered by Britain, which had no economic interest in the interior of Oman during that point of time. The treaty granted autonomous rule to the Imamate in the interior of Oman and recognized the sovereignty of the coast of Oman, the [[Muscat and Oman|Sultanate of Muscat]].<ref name=BOR/><ref name="smallwars">{{cite web |title=Jebel Akhdar |publisher=Britain's Small Wars |access-date=10 April 2012 |url=http://www.britains-smallwars.com/SAS/JebelAkhdar.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130917071704/http://www.britains-smallwars.com/SAS/JebelAkhdar.html |archive-date=17 September 2013 }}</ref><ref name=TOSNT>Muscat Rising. [https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100070535087.0x000033 British National Archive: Muscat Rising, from April 1917 to January 1918 & resumed from April 1920 to Oct 1920] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707112144/https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100070535087.0x000033 |date=7 July 2022 }} British National Archive QDL</ref><ref name=OAOI>Oman profile – Timeline. {{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14654492|title=BBC Middle East: Oman profile – Timeline (25 April 2018)|publisher=BBC News|date=25 April 2018|access-date=2 August 2019|archive-date=11 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611185919/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14654492|url-status=live}} 25 April 2018.</ref> In 1920, Imam Salim Alkharusi died and Muhammad Alkhalili was elected.<ref name=OmanForeignPolicy/>

On 10 January 1923, an agreement between the Sultanate and the British government was signed in which the Sultanate had to consult with the British [[Political officer (British Empire)|political agent]] residing in Muscat and obtain the approval of the [[British Raj|High Government of India]] to extract oil in the Sultanate.<ref name=agreement>Undertaking by Sultan Taimur Regarding Oil. [https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023550810.0x00003d ''Undertaking by Sultan Taimur Regarding Oil''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309043538/https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023550810.0x00003d |date=9 March 2021 }} British National Archives page 60 QDL</ref> On 31 July 1928, the [[Red Line Agreement]] was signed between Anglo-Persian Company (later renamed British Petroleum), Royal Dutch/Shell, Compagnie Française des Pétroles (later renamed Total), Near East Development Corporation (later renamed ExxonMobil) and Calouste Gulbenkian (an Armenian businessman) to collectively produce oil in the post-[[Ottoman Empire]] region, which included the Arabian peninsula, with each of the four major companies holding 23.75 percent of the shares while [[Calouste Gulbenkian]] held the remaining 5 percent shares. The agreement stipulated that none of the signatories was allowed to pursue the establishment of oil concessions within the agreed on area without including all other stakeholders. In 1929, the members of the agreement established [[Iraq Petroleum Company]] (IPC).<ref name=RLA>The 1928 Red Line Agreement. [https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/red-line United States Office of the Historian: The 1928 Red Line Agreement] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717191817/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/red-line |date=17 July 2019 }} United States Office of the Historian.</ref> On 13 November 1931, Sultan Taimur bin Faisal abdicated.<ref name=AOST>Muscat Rising. [http://qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023415995.0x0000bf British National Archive: Muscat Rising, from April 1917 to January 1918 & resumed from April 1920 to Oct 1920] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225054303/https://qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023415995.0x0000bf |date=25 February 2021 }} British National Archive page 190 QDL</ref>