Editing Oat (section)

=== Genome ===

''Avena sativa'' is an [[allohexaploid]] species with three ancestral [[genomes]] (2''n''=6''x''=42; AACCDD).<ref name="Marone-2022"/><ref name="Park-2022b">{{Cite journal |year=2022 |issue=11 |last1=Park |first1=R. F. |last2=Boshoff |first2=W. H. P. |last3=Cabral |first3=A. L. |last4=Chong |first4=J. |last5=Martinelli |first5=J. A. |last6=McMullen |first6=M. S. |last7=Fetch |first7=J. W. Mitchell |last8=Paczos-Grzęda |first8=E. |last9=Prats |first9=E. |last10=Roake |first10=J. |last11=Sowa |first11=S. |last12=Ziems |first12=L. |last13=Singh |first13=D. |display-authors=6 |pages=3709–3734 |s2cid=249381794 |doi=10.1007/s00122-022-04121-z |id=RFP {{ORCID |0000-0002-9145-5371}} |title=Breeding oat for resistance to the crown rust pathogen ''Puccinia coronata'' f. sp. ''avenae'': achievements and prospects |journal=Theoretical and Applied Genetics |volume=135 |pmid=35665827 |pmc=9729147 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Latta |first1=Robert G. |last2=Bekele |first2=Wubishet A. |last3=Wight |first3=Charlene P. |last4=Tinker |first4=Nicholas A. |title=Comparative linkage mapping of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid ''Avena'' species suggests extensive chromosome rearrangement in ancestral diploids |journal=[[Scientific Reports]] |date=23 August 2019 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=12298 |s2cid=201283146 |id=CPW {{ORCID |0000-0003-1410-5631}} |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-48639-7 |pmid=31444367 |pmc=6707241 |bibcode=2019NatSR...912298L }}</ref> As a result, the genome is large (12.6 Gb, 1C-value=12.85) and complex.<ref name="Kole-2020">{{Cite book |year=2020 |pages=133–169 |title=Genomic Designing of Climate-Smart Cereal Crops |s2cid=211554462 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-93381-8 |isbn=978-3-319-93380-1 |editor-last1=Kole |editor-first1=Chittaranjan }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yan |first1=Honghai |last2=Martin |first2=Sara L. |last3=Bekele |first3=Wubishet A. |last4=Latta |first4=Robert G. |last5=Diederichsen |first5=Axel |last6=Peng |first6=Yuanying |last7=Tinker |first7=Nicholas A. |date=17 January 2016 |title=Genome size variation in the genus ''Avena'' |journal=[[Genome (journal)|Genome]] |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=209–220 |s2cid=22267641 |doi=10.1139/gen-2015-0132 |pmid=26881940 |hdl=1807/71262 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Cultivated hexaploid oat has a unique mosaic chromosome architecture that is the result of numerous translocations between the three subgenomes.<ref name="Marone-2022">{{Cite journal |language=en |year=2022 |publisher=BioMed Central |volume=18 |issue=128 |first2=Harmeet |first1=Marina |first3=Curtis |last3=Pozniak |last2=Singh |last1=Marone |journal=Plant Methods |issn=1746-4811 |s2cid=254152395 |title=A technical guide to TRITEX, a computational pipeline for chromosome-scale sequence assembly of plant genomes |page=128 |doi=10.1186/s13007-022-00964-1 |pmid=36461065 |pmc=9719158 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kamal |first1=Nadia |last2=Tsardakas Renhuldt |first2=Nikos |last3=Bentzer |first3=Johan |last4=Gundlach |first4=Heidrun |last5=Haberer |first5=Georg |last6=Juhász |first6=Angéla |last7=Lux |first7=Thomas |last8=Bose |first8=Utpal |last9=Tye-Din |first9=Jason A. |last10=Lang |first10=Daniel |last11=van Gessel |first11=Nico |last12=Reski |first12=Ralf |last13=Fu |first13=Yong-Bi |last14=Spégel |first14=Peter |last15=Ceplitis |first15=Alf |display-authors=6 |date=1 June 2022 |title=The mosaic oat genome gives insights into a uniquely healthy cereal crop |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |language=en |volume=606 |issue=7912 |pages=113–119 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-04732-y |s2cid=248890897 |issn=1476-4687 |pmc=9159951 |pmid=35585233 |bibcode=2022Natur.606..113K}}
</ref> These translocations may cause breeding barriers and incompatibilities when crossing varieties with different chromosomal architecture. Hence, oat breeding and the crossing of desired traits has been hampered by the lack of a reference genome assembly. In May 2022, a fully annotated reference genome sequence of ''Avena sativa'' was reported.<ref name="Marone-2022" /> The AA subgenome is presumed to be derived from ''Avena longiglumis'' and the CCDD from the tetraploid ''[[Avena insularis]]''.<ref name="Marone-2022"/>