Editing North Dakota (section)

===Race and ethnicity===
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible"
|+ '''North Dakota Racial and Ethnic Breakdown of Population'''
|-
! Racial composition !! 1980 !! 1990<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224151538/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html |archive-date=December 24, 2014 |access-date=April 18, 2014 |publisher=Census.gov |df=mdy-all}}</ref>!! 2000<ref>{{cite web |date=January 8, 2014 |title=Census Viewer |url=http://censusviewer.com/city/ND |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140108192440/http://censusviewer.com/city/ND |archive-date=January 8, 2014 |access-date=September 4, 2017 |website=Censusviewer.com}}</ref>!! 2010<ref>{{cite web |title=2010 Census Data |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html |access-date=April 18, 2014 |publisher=Census.gov |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522200920/https://census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html |url-status=live }}</ref>!! 2020<ref>{{cite web |title=2020 Census Demographic Data Map Viewer |url=https://mtgis-portal.geo.census.gov/arcgis/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=2566121a73de463995ed2b2fd7ff6eb7 |access-date=January 30, 2022 |archive-date=August 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812174830/https://mtgis-portal.geo.census.gov/arcgis/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=2566121a73de463995ed2b2fd7ff6eb7 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH) || 623,152 (95.47%) || 601,592 (94.18%) || 589,149 (91.74%) || 598,007 (88.91%) || '''636,160 (81.65%)'''
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH) || 2,539 (0.39%) || 3,451 (0.54%) || 3,761 (0.59%) || 7,720 (1.15%) || '''26,152 (3.36%)'''
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH) || 20,134 (3.08%) || 25,590 (4.01)% || 30,772 (4.79%) || 35,562 (5.29%) || '''37,350 (4.79%)'''
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH) || 1,976 (0.30%) || 3,345 (0.52%) || 3,566 (0.56%) || 6,839 (1.02%) || '''13,050 (1.68%)'''
|-
| [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH) || — || — || 218 (0.03%) || 290 (0.04%) || '''869 (0.11%)'''
|-
| [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH) || 1,014 (0.16%) || 157 (0.02%) || 282 (0.04%) || 341 (0.05%) || '''1,853 (0.24%)'''
|-
| [[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or multiracial]] (NH) || — || — || 6,666 (1.04%) || 10,365 (1.54%) || '''30,248 (3.88%)'''
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race) || 3,902 (0.60%) || 4,665 (0.73%) || 7,786 (1.21%) || 13,467 (2.00%) || '''33,412 (4.29%)'''
|-
| '''Total''' || '''652,717 (100.00%)''' || '''638,800 (100.00%)''' || '''642,200 (100.00%)''' || '''672,591 (100.00%)''' || '''779,094 (100.00%)'''
|}

[[File:Ethnic Origins in North Dakota.png|thumb|Ethnic origins in North Dakota]]
[[File:North Dakota Counties by race (2020 census).svg|thumb|Map of counties in North Dakota by racial plurality, per the 2020 U.S. census {{col-begin}}{{col-2}}

'''Non-Hispanic White'''

{{legend|#cc4125|50–60%}}

{{legend|#a61c00|60–70%}}

{{legend|#85200c|70–80%}}

{{legend|#5b0f00|80–90%}}

{{legend|#410b00|90%+}}

{{col-2}}

'''Native American'''

{{legend|#93c47d|50–60%}}

{{legend|#38761d|70–80%}}

{{legend|#274e13|80–90%}}

{{col-end}}|193x193px]]

;Birth data
''Note: Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number''.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
|+ Live births by single race/ethnicity of mother
|-
! [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Race]]
! 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_01.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2013|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911162514/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_01.pdf|archive-date=September 11, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
! 2014<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2014|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214040341/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr64/nvsr64_12.pdf|archive-date=February 14, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
! 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf|title=Births: Final Data for 2015|website=Cdc.gov|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831155911/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr66/nvsr66_01.pdf|archive-date=August 31, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
! 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf|title=data|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=May 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603002249/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_01.pdf|archive-date=June 3, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
! 2017<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf |title=Births: Final Data for 2017 |access-date=February 21, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201210916/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr67/nvsr67_08-508.pdf |archive-date=February 1, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2018<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=December 21, 2019 |archive-date=November 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191128161211/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr68/nvsr68_13-508.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2019<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-02-508.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=April 1, 2021 |archive-date=June 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623200707/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-02-508.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2020<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/nvsr70-17.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=February 20, 2022 |archive-date=February 10, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210175206/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr70/NVSR70-17.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr72/nvsr72-01.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=February 3, 2022}}</ref>
! 2022<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr73/nvsr73-02.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=April 5, 2024}}</ref>
! 2023<ref>
{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr74/nvsr74-1.pdf |title=Data |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=2025-04-12}}</ref>
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic Whites|White]]
| 8,531 (80.5%)
| 9,036 (79.5%)
| 8,796 (77.7%)
| 8,486 (74.5%)
| 7,931 (73.9%)
| 7,816 (73.5%)
| 7,567 (72.4%)
| 7,199 (71.6%)
| 7,407 (73.2%)
| 6,965 (72.8%)
| 6,946 (72.0%)
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]]
| 1,021 (9.6%)
| 1,032 (9.1%)
| 985 (8.7%)
| 875 (7.7%)
| 820 (7.6%)
| 844 (7.9%)
| 803 (7.7%)
| 771 (7.7%)
| 685 (6.8%)
| 613 (6.4%)
| 603 (6.2%)
|-
| [[African Americans|Black]]
| 375 (3.5%)
| 504 (4.4%)
| 640 (5.6%)
| 612 (5.4%)
| 608 (5.7%)
| 609 (5.7%)
| 651 (6.2%)
| 659 (6.5%)
| 595 (5.9%)
| 585 (6.1%)
| 550 (5.7%)
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
| 263 (2.5%)
| 314 (2.8%)
| 344 (3.0%)
| 303 (2.7%)
| 286 (2.7%)
| 250 (2.4%)
| 244 (2.3%)
| 250 (2.5%)
| 199 (2.0%)
| 183 (1.9%)
| 232 (2.4%)
|-
| ''[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]'' (any race)
| ''436'' (4.1%)
| ''480'' (4.2%)
| ''580'' (5.1%)
| ''584'' (5.1%)
| ''587'' (5.5%)
| ''635'' (6.0%)
| ''651'' (6.2%)
| ''672'' (6.7%)
| ''671'' (6.6%)
| ''671'' (7.0%)
| ''759'' (7.8%)
|-
| '''Total'''
| '''10,599''' (100%)
| '''11,359''' (100%)
| '''11,314''' (100%)
| '''11,383''' (100%)
| '''10,737''' (100%)
| '''10,636''' (100%)
| '''10,454''' (100%)
| '''10,059''' (100%)
| '''10,112''' (100%)
| '''9,567''' (100%)
| '''9,647''' (100%)
|}

''Since 2016, data for births of [[White Hispanic and Latino Americans|White Hispanic]] origin are not collected, but included in one Hispanic group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.''

From the 1930s until the end of the 20th century, North Dakota's population gradually declined, interrupted by a couple of brief increases. Young adults with university degrees were particularly likely to leave the state. With the advancing process of mechanization of agricultural practices, and environmental conditions requiring larger landholdings for successful agriculture, subsistence farming proved to be too risky for families. Many people moved to urban areas for jobs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Leading Population Trends in North Dakota |publisher=North Dakota State University |year=2007 |url=http://www.ndsu.edu/sdc/data/populationtrends.htm |access-date=August 19, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818144416/http://www.ndsu.edu/sdc/data/populationtrends.htm |archive-date=August 18, 2007 }}</ref>

Since the late 20th century, one of the major causes of migration from North Dakota is the lack of skilled jobs for college graduates. Expansion of economic development programs has been urged to create skilled and high-tech jobs, but the effectiveness of such programs has been open to debate.<ref>{{cite news | title = Agenda 2003—Saving North Dakota | newspaper = The Forum of Fargo-Moorhead | year = 2002 | url = http://www.in-forum.com/specials/savingnd/index2.cfm?page=articles_inside&id=27390 | access-date = August 19, 2007 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204321/http://www.in-forum.com/specials/savingnd/index2.cfm?page=articles_inside&id=27390 | archive-date = September 27, 2007 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> During the first decade of the 21st century, the population increased in large part because of jobs in the oil industry related to development of [[Unconventional (oil & gas) reservoir|unconventional]] [[tight oil]] (shale oil) fields.<ref>[http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_22258851/oil-boom-turbocharges-north-dakota-population-growth "Oil boom turbocharges North Dakota population growth"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120114748/http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_22258851/oil-boom-turbocharges-north-dakota-population-growth |date=January 20, 2013 }}, ''The Denver Post'', Retrieved on July 12, 2013.</ref> Elsewhere, the Native American population has increased as some reservations have attracted people back from urban areas.

According to the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], the racial and ethnic composition of North Dakota was 88.7% [[Non-Hispanic whites|non-Hispanic white]], 5.4% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]], 1.2% [[African Americans|Black or African American]], 1.0% [[Asian Americans|Asian]], 0.1% [[Pacific Islander]], 0.5% some other race, and 0.2% from [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/ |title=2010 Census Data |publisher=2010.census.gov |access-date=December 14, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110324073045/http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/ |archive-date=March 24, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> At the 2019 [[American Community Survey]], North Dakota's racial and ethnic makeup was 83.6% non-Hispanic white, 2.9% Black or African American, 5.0% Native American and Alaska Native, 1.4% Asian, 0.4% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, 0.1% some other race, 2.7% multiracial, and 4.0% [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latin American]] of any race.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 Demographic and Housing Estimates|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=North%20Dakota%20population&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05|url-status=live|access-date=May 22, 2021|website=data.census.gov|archive-date=May 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522202745/https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=North%20Dakota%20population&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05}}</ref>

North Dakota is one of the top resettlement locations for refugees proportionally. According to the U.S. Office of Refugee Resettlement, in 2013–2014 "more than 68 refugees" per 100,000 North Dakotans were settled in the state.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/11/where-refugees-go-in-america/|title=Where refugees go in America|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904200629/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/11/where-refugees-go-in-america/|archive-date=September 4, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In fiscal year 2014, 582 refugees settled in the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/orr/resource/fiscal-year-2014-refugee-arrivals|title=Fiscal Year 2014 Refugee Arrivals—Office of Refugee Resettlement—Administration for Children and Families|website=Acf.hhs.gov|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160710130935/http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/orr/resource/fiscal-year-2014-refugee-arrivals|archive-date=July 10, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Fargo Mayor Mahoney said North Dakota accepting the most refugees per capita should be celebrated given the benefits they bring to the state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inforum.com/news/3853303-north-dakota-leads-nation-refugee-resettlement-capita|title=North Dakota leads nation in refugee resettlement per capita|website=Inforum.com|date=October 4, 2015|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926174445/http://www.inforum.com/news/3853303-north-dakota-leads-nation-refugee-resettlement-capita|archive-date=September 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, Lutheran Social Services of North Dakota, the state's only resettlement agency, was "awarded $458,090 in federal funding to improve refugee services".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inforum.com/news/3846661-federal-funding-issued-refugee-resettlement|title=Federal funding issued for refugee resettlement|website=Inforum.com|date=September 25, 2015|access-date=September 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926171812/http://www.inforum.com/news/3846661-federal-funding-issued-refugee-resettlement|archive-date=September 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> 29.8% of immigrants in North Dakota are from Africa leading to a rapid increase in the black proportion of the population in recent decades from 0.6% in 2000 to 3.9% in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Place of Birth for the Foreign-born Population |url=https://censusreporter.org/data/map/?table=C05006&geo_ids=040&#124;01000US&primary_geo_id=01000US#column&#124;C05006043,sumlev&#124;040 |access-date=January 24, 2022 |archive-date=March 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325225906/https://censusreporter.org/data/map/?table=C05006&geo_ids=040%7C01000US&primary_geo_id=01000US#column%7CC05006043,sumlev%7C040 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Immigration to the United States|Immigration]] from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 3,323 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 21,110 people.<ref name="census_cum">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/states/tables/NST-EST2008-04.csv |title=Cumulative Estimates of the Components of Population Change for the United States, Regions and States: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008 (NST-EST2008-04) |date=December 15, 2015 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]] |format=CSV |access-date=January 16, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205023552/http://www.census.gov/popest/states/tables/NST-EST2008-04.csv |archive-date=February 5, 2009 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Of the residents of North Dakota in 2009, 69.8% were born in North Dakota, 27.2% were born in a different state, 0.6% were born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad to American parent(s), and 2.4% were born in another country.<ref>Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). [https://www.census.gov "U.S. Census website—Results"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/ |date=December 27, 1996 }} .</ref> The age and gender distributions approximate the national average. In 2019, 4.1% were foreign-born residents.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 QuickFacts|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ND/PST045219|url-status=live|website=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=May 22, 2021|archive-date=March 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327055632/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/ND/PST045219}}</ref> The [[Philippines]], [[Bhutan]], [[Nepal]], [[Canada]] and [[Liberia]] are the top countries of origin for North Dakota's immigrants.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedickinsonpress.com/community/immigrants-make-up-about-5-of-north-dakotas-population-report-says|title=Immigrants make up about 5% of North Dakota's population, report says|date=September 21, 2020 }}</ref>