Editing Non-lethal weapon (section)

===Pepper spray===
The active ingredient in [[pepper spray]] is oleoresin capsicum (OC), an acrid irritant chemical derived from [[cayenne pepper]] plants.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/162358.pdf |title=Evaluation of Pepper Spray |last1=Edwards |first1=Steven M. |last2=Granfield |first2=John |last3=Onnen |first3=Jamie |date=February 1997 |publisher=National Institute of Justice |work=Research in Brief |access-date=August 6, 2013}}</ref>

A 1998 estimate by the [[International Association of Chiefs of Police]] suggested at least 113 pepper spray-related fatalities had occurred in the United States, all with aggravating factors such as intoxication, pre-existing health problems, or from the police use of airway-restrictive immobilizing holds that can cause [[positional asphyxia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.terryjallen.com/journo-subP/teargas.htm |title=Tear Gas: Chemical Cops |last=Allen |first=Terry J. |work=In These Times |date=May 29, 2000 |access-date=October 4, 2011}}</ref> The Southern California chapter of the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] recommends against maximal prone restraint techniques following pepper spray application, and they caution that anyone sprayed should be monitored to ensure effective breathing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aclu-sc.org/attach/p/Pepper_Spray_New_Questions.pdf |title=Pepper Spray Update: More Fatalities, More Questions |publisher=ACLU of Southern California |date=June 1995 |access-date=October 4, 2011 |archive-date=September 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929133130/http://www.aclu-sc.org/attach/p/Pepper_Spray_New_Questions.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>