Editing Namibia (section)

===Water sources===
{{Main|Water supply and sanitation in Namibia}}
Namibia is the driest country in [[sub-Saharan Africa]] and depends largely on groundwater. With an average rainfall of about {{cvt|350|mm|in|0}} per annum, the highest rainfall occurs in the Caprivi Strip in the northeast (about {{cvt|600|mm|in|sigfig=2}} per annum) and decreases in a westerly and southwesterly direction to as little as {{cvt|50|mm|in|sigfig=2}} and less per annum at the coast. The only perennial rivers are found on the national borders with South Africa, Angola, Zambia, and the short border with Botswana in the Caprivi Strip. In the interior of the country, surface water is available only in the summer months when rivers are in flood after exceptional rainfalls. Otherwise, surface water is restricted to a few large storage dams retaining and damming up these seasonal floods and their run-off. Where people do not live near perennial rivers or make use of the storage dams, they are dependent on groundwater. Even isolated communities and those economic activities located far from good surface water sources, such as mining, agriculture, and tourism, can be supplied from groundwater over nearly 80% of the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iwrm-namibia.info.na/iwrm/fundaments-in-iwrm/groundwater-in-namibia/index.php|title=Groundwater in Namibia|website=Integrated Water Resource Management|url-status= dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729155617/http://www.iwrm-namibia.info.na/iwrm/fundaments-in-iwrm/groundwater-in-namibia/index.php|archive-date=29 July 2016|access-date=2 October 2014}}</ref>

More than 100,000 [[borehole]]s have been drilled in Namibia over the past century. One third of these boreholes have been drilled dry.<ref>{{cite book| title= Groundwater in Namibia|url=http://www.namhydro.com/downloads.html |editor-first1= Greg |editor-last1= Christelis| editor-first2= Wilhelm |editor-last2= Struckmeier|via=Namibian Hydrogeological Association|year=2001|publisher=Census Office, National Planning Commission |isbn=978-0-86976-571-5| access-date=10 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404091336/http://namhydro.com/downloads.html|archive-date=4 April 2015|url-status= dead}}</ref> An [[aquifer]] called Ohangwena II, on both sides of the Angola-Namibia border, was discovered in 2012. It has been estimated to be capable of supplying a population of 800,000 people in the North for 400 years, at the current (2018) rate of consumption.<ref name=aqui>{{cite web| last= McGrath| first=Matt |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18875385|title=Vast aquifer found in Namibia could last for centuries |website= bbc.co.uk |publisher= [[BBC World Service]]| date=20 July 2012|access-date=10 September 2013|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190402132955/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18875385|url-status=live}}</ref> Experts estimate that Namibia has {{convert|7720|km3|cumi|abbr=on}} of underground water.<ref name=afr>{{cite web|last=McGrath|first=Matt|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17775211|title='Huge' water resource exists under Africa| website= bbc.co.uk| publisher= BBC World Service |date=20 April 2012|access-date=10 September 2013|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402140411/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-17775211|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=aqmap/>

According to [[African Folder]], a sewage-to-water treatment project in Namibia not only provides citizens with safe drinking water, but it also boosts productivity by 6% per year. All pollutants and impurities are removed using cutting-edge "multi-barrier" technology, which includes residual chlorination, ozone treatment, and ultra membrane filtration. Strict bio-monitoring methods are also used throughout the process to ensure high-quality, safe drinking water.<ref>{{cite web| title=How Namibia Is Recycling Drinking Water From Toilet To Tap|url=https://africanfolder.com/how-namibia-is-recycling-drinking-water-from-toilet-to-tap/ |website= AfricanFolder.com |last=Jayeoba|first=Deborah|date=16 January 2023|access-date=12 March 2023|archive-date=12 March 2023| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230312120900/https://africanfolder.com/how-namibia-is-recycling-drinking-water-from-toilet-to-tap/|url-status= live}}</ref>

On 8 June 2023, Namibia became the first Southern African country and the eighth country in Africa to accede to the Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (UN Water Convention).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Namibia becomes first Southern African country to join UN Water Convention |url=https://unece.org/media/Sustainable%20Development/news/379643|access-date=6 October 2023|website= UNECE.org | publisher= [[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]] |archive-date=10 October 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231010133120/https://unece.org/media/Sustainable%20Development/news/379643 |url-status=live}}</ref>