Editing Najd (section)

== Culture ==
===Architecture===
{{main|Najdi architecture}}
[[File:Riyadh,_Saudi_Arabia._Qaṣr_al-Badi'ah,_interior.jpg|thumb|Battlements (''shurfat)'' on the railings of [[Qaṣr al-Badi'a]] in [[Riyadh]]]]

The architecture of Najd is a type [[vernacular architecture]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hernandez |first=S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qQCMEAAAQBAJ&dq=najdi+architectural+style+najd&pg=PA29 |title=Islamic Heritage Architecture IV |date=2022-09-13 |publisher=WIT Press |isbn=978-1-78466-475-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOBtAAAAMAAJ&q=najdi+architectural+style+najd |title=Arabian Studies |date=1982 |publisher=C. Hurst |isbn=978-0-905906-31-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Institute |first=The Getty Conservation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rq9OAgAAQBAJ&dq=najdi+architectural+style+najd&pg=PA154 |title=6th International Conference on the Conservation of Earthen Architecture: Adobe 90 Preprints |date=1991-02-28 |publisher=Getty Publications |isbn=978-0-89236-181-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jaidah |first=Ibrahim Mohamed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OORmEAAAQBAJ&dq=najdi+architectural+style+najd&pg=PT8 |title=Qatari Style: Unexpected Interiors |date=2022-03-25 |publisher=Hirmer Verlag |isbn=978-3-7774-4006-4 |language=en}}</ref> The style flourished roughly between 13th and 18th centuries and is known for its desert adaptive urban patterns with low-contour earth-structured [[mudbrick]] buildings<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Pacetti |first1=M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmk3mCrMDTQC&dq=low+contour+riyadh&pg=PA296 |title=The Sustainable City VII: Urban Regeneration and Sustainability |last2=Passerini |first2=G. |last3=Brebbia |first3=C. A. |last4=Latini |first4=G. |date=2012-05-07 |publisher=WIT Press |isbn=978-1-84564-578-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Anishchenkova |first=Valerie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DkrEEAAAQBAJ&dq=najdi+architectural+style&pg=PA257 |title=Modern Saudi Arabia |date=2020-06-01 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-4408-5705-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AsFUAAAAMAAJ&q=najdi+architectural+style |title=Architecture + Design |date=1996 |publisher=Media Transasia |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CuLEEAAAQBAJ&dq=najdi+architectural+style+najd&pg=PA105 |title=Culture and Customs of Saudi Arabia |date=2005-07-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-06279-7 |language=en}}</ref> that are characterized by elements such as triangular or rectangular openings (''furjat'') and [[battlement]]s (''shurfat'') as well as peepholes projecting outward from the main [[façade]] (''tarma'').<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2023 |title="فلسفة المثلث" في العمارة الطينية |url=https://www.alriyadh.com/1998681 |access-date=28 August 2024 |website=www.alriyadh.com}}</ref> The presence of a central [[courtyard]] and open spaces also forms a distinct part of the architectural style.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mostyn |first=Trevor |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8JtAAAAMAAJ&q=najdi+architecture+courtyards |title=Saudi Arabia |date=1983 |publisher=Middle East Economic Digest |isbn=978-0-946510-00-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Catalani |first1=Anna |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3z9ZDwAAQBAJ&dq=najdi+architectural+style+najd&pg=PA2261 |title=Cities' Identity Through Architecture and Arts: Proceedings of the International Conference on Cities' Identity through Architecture and Arts (CITAA 2017), May 11-13, 2017, Cairo, Egypt |last2=Nour |first2=Zeinab |last3=Versaci |first3=Antonella |last4=Hawkes |first4=Dean |last5=Bougdah |first5=Hocine |last6=Sotoca |first6=Adolf |last7=Ghoneem |first7=Mahmoud |last8=Trapani |first8=Ferdinando |date=2018-05-01 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-68032-5 |language=en}}</ref> The influence of Najdi style can be felt in neighboring regions, such as [[Architecture of Kuwait|Kuwait]] and inland [[Architecture of Qatar|Qatar]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=علي |first=ثويني ، معمار |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=auhFAQAAIAAJ&q=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA |title=العمارة الإسلامية: سجالات في الحداثة |date=2009 |publisher=الدار العربية للعلوم - ناشرون، |isbn=978-9953-87-742-6 |language=ar}}</ref>